Social Media in Disaster Risk Reduction and Crisis Management
Social Media in Disaster Risk Reduction and Crisis Management
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DOI：
10.1007/s11948-013-9502-z
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Alexander, David E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander, David E.
本文回顾了社会媒体在紧急情况、灾害和危机局势中的实际和潜在用途。这是一个引起强烈兴趣的领域。它的特点是一个新兴的，但很小，最近的文学。在紧急情况领域，以七种不同方式使用社会媒体（博客、信息、Facebook等网站、维基等）：听取公众辩论、监测局势、扩大应急和管理、众包和协作发展、创造社会凝聚力、促进事业（包括慈善捐助）和加强研究。在赞赏社交媒体的积极方面的同时，也注意到社交媒体可能带来负面发展，如传播谣言、破坏权威和助长恐怖主义行为。这导致在危机情况下使用社交媒体的道德检查。尽管存在一些明显的风险，例如侵犯隐私，但公众对道德的共识似乎会压倒肆无忌惮地颠覆媒体的企图。此外，社交媒体是揭露腐败和渎职行为的有力手段。总而言之，全世界公众对社交媒体的广泛采用和使用预示着一个新时代的到来，在这个时代，应急管理人员必须调整其工作实践，以适应这一发展的挑战和潜力。与此同时，他们必须注意道德警告，并确保在危机和紧急情况发生时不滥用或误用社交媒体。
This paper reviews the actual and potential use of social media in emergency, disaster and crisis situations. This is a field that has generated intense interest. It is characterised by a burgeoning but small and very recent literature. In the emergencies field, social media (blogs, messaging, sites such as Facebook, wikis and so on) are used in seven different ways: listening to public debate, monitoring situations, extending emergency response and management, crowd-sourcing and collaborative development, creating social cohesion, furthering causes (including charitable donation) and enhancing research. Appreciation of the positive side of social media is balanced by their potential for negative developments, such as disseminating rumours, undermining authority and promoting terrorist acts. This leads to an examination of the ethics of social media usage in crisis situations. Despite some clearly identifiable risks, for example regarding the violation of privacy, it appears that public consensus on ethics will tend to override unscrupulous attempts to subvert the media. Moreover, social media are a robust means of exposing corruption and malpractice. In synthesis, the widespread adoption and use of social media by members of the public throughout the world heralds a new age in which it is imperative that emergency managers adapt their working practices to the challenge and potential of this development. At the same time, they must heed the ethical warnings and ensure that social media are not abused or misused when crises and emergencies occur.