Acute Early-Life Stress Results in Premature Emergence of Adult-Like Fear Retention and Extinction Relapse in Infant Rats
Acute Early-Life Stress Results in Premature Emergence of Adult-Like Fear Retention and Extinction Relapse in Infant Rats
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DOI：
10.1037/a0034118
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Richardson, Rick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowan, Caitlin S. M.;Callaghan, Bridget L.;Richardson, Rick
最近的研究表明，慢性早期生活压力导致恐惧保持和抑制的成人样表型的过早表达。然而，目前尚不清楚急性早期创伤的经历是否与暴露于慢性早期应激具有相同的影响。在本研究中，一个24小时的产妇剥夺产后第9天（P）作为一个急性早期生活的压力源。在婴儿期（P16-17），母鼠被剥夺和标准饲养的大鼠习惯于害怕伴随电击的噪音。在实验1和实验2中，在对大鼠进行情境介导的恐惧更新或压力诱导的恐惧恢复测试之前，对噪音的恐惧被扑灭。在实验3a和3b中，在训练后1、7或14天测试条件化大鼠的恐惧保持。而标准饲养的婴儿表现出耐复发性消退和婴儿期遗忘症（即，他们年龄的典型行为），母亲剥夺的婴儿表现出更新和恢复效应（即，复发倾向消退）并在7天和14天的间隔内显示出良好的恐惧保持（即，婴儿健忘症减少）。换句话说，类似于大鼠暴露于慢性早期生活压力，大鼠暴露于急性早期压力表达了一个成年人一样的档案的恐惧保留和抑制在婴儿期。这些发现表明，类似的机制可能涉及急性和慢性压力对情绪发展的影响，并可能对我们理解和治疗与早期逆境相关的情绪障碍产生影响。
Recent studies have shown that chronic early life stress results in precocious expression of the adult-like phenotype of fear retention and inhibition. However, it is unknown whether the experience of acute early trauma has the same effects as exposure to chronic early stress. In the present study, a 24-hr period of maternal deprivation on postnatal day (P) 9 was used as an acute early life stressor. In infancy (P16-17), maternally deprived and standard-reared rats were conditioned to fear a noise paired with shock. In Experiments 1 and 2, fear to the noise was then extinguished before rats were tested for context-mediated fear renewal or stress-induced fear reinstatement. In Experiments 3a and 3b, conditioned rats were tested for fear retention 1, 7, or 14 days after training. Whereas standard-reared infants exhibited relapse-resistant extinction and infantile amnesia (i.e., behaviors typical of their age), maternally deprived infants exhibited the renewal and reinstatement effects (i.e., relapse-prone extinction) and showed good retention of fear over the 7- and 14-day intervals (i.e., infantile amnesia was reduced). In other words, similar to rats exposed to chronic early life stress, rats exposed to acute early stress expressed an adult-like profile of fear retention and inhibition during infancy. These findings suggest that similar mechanisms might be involved in the effects of acute and chronic stress on emotional development, and may have implications for our understanding and treatment of emotional disorders associated with early adversity.