There's no ball without noise: cats' prediction of an object from noise.
There's no ball without noise: cats' prediction of an object from noise.
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没有噪音就没有球：猫根据噪音预测物体。
DOI：
10.1007/s10071-016-1001-6
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takagi;S.;Arahori;M.;Chijiiwa;H.;Tsuzuki;M.;Hataji;Y.;& Fujita;K.
我们使用了一种违反预期的程序来询问猫是否可以使用因果规则来推断看不见的物体的存在，因为它听到了容器内发出的噪音，并预测了容器翻转时的外观。我们让猫看到一个物体从不透明的容器中掉出来，或者没有物体掉出来(翻转阶段)，然后通过摇晃容器发出嘎嘎作响的声音，或者没有声音(摇动阶段)。然后，猫被允许自由探索实验环境(探索阶段)。声音和物体之间的关系在一半的实验中符合物理规律(一致条件)，在另一半的实验中不匹配(不一致条件)。据预测，在不一致的情况下，从噪音中推断出看不见的物体的存在会导致更长的观察时间。这一预测得到了猫在翻身阶段的行为的支持。结果表明，猫使用对听觉刺激的因果逻辑理解来预测看不见的物体的出现。猫的自然狩猎方式的生态可能有利于根据声音进行推理的能力。
We used an expectancy violation procedure to ask whether cats could use a causal rule to infer the presence of an unseen object on hearing the noise it made inside a container and predict its appearance when the container was turned over. We presented cats with either an object dropping out of an opaque container or no object dropping out (turning-over phase) after producing either a rattling sound by shaking the container with the object inside, or no sound (shaking phase). The cats were then allowed to freely explore the experimental environment (exploration phase). The relation between the sound and the object matched with physical laws in half of the trials (congruent condition) and mismatched in the other half (incongruent condition). Inferring the presence of an unseen object from the noise was predicted to result in longer looking time in the incongruent condition. The prediction was supported by the cats’ behavior during the turning-over phase. The results suggest that cats used a causal-logical understanding of auditory stimuli to predict the appearance of invisible objects. The ecology of cats’ natural hunting style may favor the ability for inference on the basis of sounds.