The dynamics of a subglacial salt wedge

The dynamics of a subglacial salt wedge
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冰下盐楔的动力学

DOI:
10.1017/jfm.2020.308
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Cenedese, Claudia
Cenedese, Claudia
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wilson, Earle A.;Wells, Andrew J.;Hewitt, Ian J.;Cenedese, Claudia

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终止于海洋的冰川,例如沿着格陵兰海岸线的冰川,经常以冰下排放羽状物的形式将融水释放到海洋中。虽然这些羽流可以显著改变沿着冰川前端的质量损失,但其成因周围的条件仍然缺乏约束。特别是,很少有人知道冰下出口的几何形状和海水可能侵入的程度。在这里,后者是通过探索一个被捕的盐楔的动态-一个稳态,两层流动系统,咸水部分侵入携带淡水的通道。在现有理论的基础上,我们制定了一个模型,预测的弗劳德数的函数,通道的斜率和系数的界面和壁阻力的非夹带盐楔的长度。同时,进行了一系列的实验室实验,以观察矩形通道内的盐楔。对于层流进行的实验(雷诺数。然而,对于地球物理尺度上的完全湍流,预计这些阻力系数将向有限值渐近。采用合理的阻力系数估计这种流动制度,我们的理论模型表明,典型的冰下渠道可能允许海水入侵的顺序为几公里。虽然这些结果是粗略的,但它们表明,海洋有很强的渗透冰下水道的倾向,并有可能削弱海洋终止冰川的表面。
Marine-terminating glaciers, such as those along the coastline of Greenland, often release meltwater into the ocean in the form of subglacial discharge plumes. Though these plumes can dramatically alter the mass loss along the front of a glacier, the conditions surrounding their genesis remain poorly constrained. In particular, little is known about the geometry of subglacial outlets and the extent to which seawater may intrude into them. Here, the latter is addressed by exploring the dynamics of an arrested salt wedge – a steady-state, two-layer flow system where salty water partially intrudes a channel carrying fresh water. Building on existing theory, we formulate a model that predicts the length of a non-entraining salt wedge as a function of the Froude number, the slope of the channel and coefficients for interfacial and wall drag. In conjunction, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to observe a salt wedge within a rectangular channel. For experiments conducted with laminar flow (Reynolds number . However, for fully turbulent flows on geophysical scales, these drag coefficients are expected to asymptote toward finite values. Adopting reasonable drag coefficient estimates for this flow regime, our theoretical model suggests that typical subglacial channels may permit seawater intrusions of the order of several kilometres. While crude, these results indicate that the ocean has a strong tendency to penetrate subglacial channels and potentially undercut the face of marine-terminating glaciers.
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