Refinement of Cerebellar Network Organization by Extracellular Signaling During Development
Refinement of Cerebellar Network Organization by Extracellular Signaling During Development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.036
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发表时间：
2020-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Heeyoun Park;Yukio Yamamoto;Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heeyoun Park;Yukio Yamamoto;Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
小脑形成规则的神经网络结构，由几种主要类型的神经元组成，如浦肯野细胞，颗粒细胞和分子层中间神经元，并接受来自攀爬纤维和苔藓纤维的两种主要输入。它的规则结构由三个定义明确的层组成，每种类型的神经元被指定到特定的位置并形成特定的突触连接。在啮齿动物出生后发育的最初几周，小脑通过增殖、迁移、分化、突触发生和成熟经历动态变化，以创建这样的网络结构。这种有组织的网络结构的发展可能依赖于网络中发育元件之间的通信，不仅包括单个神经元，还包括它们的树突，轴突和突触。因此，通过突触传递、分泌分子和细胞粘附分子的细胞外信号在小脑网络发育中起着重要作用。虽然目前还不清楚小脑的整体发育是如何协调的，但确实有越来越多的证据表明，细胞外信号对小脑网络中单个元件的发育起作用。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了我们从许多研究中了解到的小脑网络发育所需的细胞外信号，包括我们最近的研究表明，来自平行纤维的无偏突触输入的重要性。
The cerebellum forms regular neural network structures consisting of a few major types of neurons, such as Purkinje cells, granule cells, and molecular layer interneurons, and receives two major inputs from climbing fibers and mossy fibers. Its regular structures consist of three well-defined layers, with each type of neuron designated to a specific location and forming specific synaptic connections. During the first few weeks of postnatal development in rodents, the cerebellum goes through dynamic changes via proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, and maturation, to create such a network structure. The development of this organized network structure presumably relies on the communication between developing elements in the network, including not only individual neurons, but also their dendrites, axons, and synapses. Therefore, it is reasonable that extracellular signaling via synaptic transmission, secreted molecules, and cell adhesion molecules, plays important roles in cerebellar network development. Although it is not yet clear as to how overall cerebellar development is orchestrated, there is indeed accumulating lines of evidence that extracellular signaling acts toward the development of individual elements in the cerebellar networks. In this article, we introduce what we have learned from many studies regarding the extracellular signaling required for cerebellar network development, including our recent study suggesting the importance of unbiased synaptic inputs from parallel fibers.