The surface of bones: methods of recording entheseal changes
The surface of bones: methods of recording entheseal changes
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骨骼表面：记录附着点变化的方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
E. Weiss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Weiss
附着点是肌肉附着的骨骼上宏观可见的三维 (3D) 特征，其病因复杂，包括活动中的肌肉使用、年龄和体型。大多数附着点变化的研究都是基于评分方法。评分方法通常具有较高的观察者错误率，并且通常使用低功效统计进行分析。此外，评分方法无法捕捉附着点形态的复杂性，其中包括增殖和侵蚀特征，这些特征可以被视为类似于景观的 3D 地形。最近的研究采用了来自激光扫描和 CT 扫描的二维度量数据和 3D 数据。人类学家使用各种软件包，在彩色编码的地形图中显示了扫描的附着点，这些地形图可以移动和旋转，以揭示附着点的复杂形态。这些数据（包括 3D 表面积和分形维数）的定量性质不太主观，统计测试更容易应用，但对于某些测量而言，错误率仍然存在问题。此外，这些研究表明附着点的变化与年龄和体型相关。这些相关性有时被认为是有问题的，因为这些相关性阻碍了活动重建，而这通常是检查附着点时的目标。
Entheses, which are macroscopically visible three-dimensional (3D) features on bones where muscles attach, have a complex etiology that includes muscle use in activities, age, and body size. Most studies of entheseal changes are based on scoring methods. Scoring methods often have high observer error rates and are often analyzed with low power statistics. Furthermore, scoring methods fail to capture the complexity of enthesis morphology, which includes proliferative and erosive traits that can be viewed as a 3D topography similar to landscapes. Recent studies have employed both two-dimensional metric data and 3D data from laser scans and CT-scans. Using a variety of software packages, anthropologists have displayed the scanned entheses in color coded topographical maps that can be moved and rotated to reveal entheses’ complex morphology. The quantitative nature of these data, which include 3D surface area and fractal dimensions, is less subjective and statistical tests are easier to apply, but error rates are still problematic for some measures. Additionally, these studies reveal that entheseal changes correlate with age and body size; these correlations are sometimes considered problematic since the correlations hinder activity reconstructions, which is often the goal when examining entheses.