A One Health Ecosystem Approach for Understanding and Mitigating Spill-Over of Tick-Borne Diseases in India's Degraded Forests
A One Health Ecosystem Approach for Understanding and Mitigating Spill-Over of Tick-Borne Diseases in India's Degraded Forests
复制标题
一种了解和减轻印度退化森林中蜱传疾病蔓延的单一健康生态系统方法
DOI：
10.1079/onehealthcases.2023.0011
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Purse B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Purse B
接触人畜共患疾病可能会抵消对生计至关重要的活动，特别是对依赖热带森林的社区而言。跨学科的生态系统方法对于理解这一人畜共患病溢出至关重要，因为使人们易受伤害的生态和社会政治过程是在退化的生态系统中联合研究的。此外，One Health与跨部门利益攸关方共同制作研究和工具可以弥合部门之间在知识和疾病管理方面的差距。Monkey FeverRisk项目将这些方法应用于影响印度南部西高止靠森林为生的社区的人类病毒性扁虱传播疾病--凯萨努尔森林病(KFD)的案例研究，以向管理层提供信息。多种扁虱物种和脊椎动物宿主参与了凯萨努尔森林病病毒的传播，包括野生啮齿动物和地鼠、猴子和鸟类，而人类被受感染的扁虱叮咬时是感染疾病的“死胡同”宿主。通过对零散森林内的栖息地进行采样，我们发现，人类接触受感染扁虱的风险从森林之外延伸到森林边缘、种植园、房屋和花园。人类外溢的风险最高的是在各种农林复合景观中，这些景观是在潮湿的常绿森林被种植园和水稻种植所取代时产生的。KFD的风险和影响最大的是社会弱势群体(如低种姓、无土地、老年户主家庭)，他们通过在森林、种植园和农田的职业接触扁虱。除死亡外，疾病影响还包括长期的、使人衰弱的健康问题、收入损失和森林准入减少。在这些社区内有效预防KFD的主要障碍包括关于KFD及其传播的信息有限、对现有疫苗和壁虱驱避剂的效力低和不信任，以及对生计的担忧。联合制作提供了基于网络的工具来指导管理，识别高风险区域，并为当地社区、卫生工作者和管理人员提供了教育材料，详细说明了扁虱和扁虱叮咬预防措施的风险。开放访问。本文采用知识共享署名-非商业性4.0国际许可。Https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Exposure to zoonotic diseases can trade-off against livelihood-critical activities, particularly for tropical forest-dependent communities. Inter-disciplinary ecosystem approaches are critical to understanding this zoonotic spillover since the ecological and socio-political processes that make people vulnerable are jointly studied across degraded ecosystems. Moreover, One Health co-production of research and tools with cross-sectoral stakeholders can bridge gaps in knowledge and disease management between sectors. The MonkeyFeverRisk project applied these approaches to a case study of human viral tick-borne disease, Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), affecting forest-dependent communities in the Western Ghats, south India, to inform management. Multiple tick species and vertebrate hosts are involved in Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus transmission, including wild rodents and shrews, monkeys and birds, while humans are “dead-end” hosts contracting the disease when bitten by infected ticks. By sampling across habitats within fragmented forests, we found that the risk of human exposure to infected ticks extends outside forests to forest edges, plantations, houses and gardens. The highest risk of human spillover was found in diverse agro-forestry landscapes, created when the moist evergreen forest is replaced with plantations and rice cultivation. Risks and impacts of KFD were highest for socially vulnerable, marginalised groups (e.g. lower caste, landless, elderly-headed households), exposed to ticks through occupations in forests, plantations and cropland. Aside from mortality, disease impacts include long-term, debilitating health issues, loss of income and reduced forest access. Key barriers to effective KFD prevention within these communities included limited information about KFD and its transmission, low efficacy of and mistrust in currently available vaccines and tick repellents, and livelihood concerns. Co-production delivered web-based tools to guide management, identifying high-risk areas, and education materials for local communities, health workers and managers detailing risks from ticks and tick-bite prevention measures.© The Authors 2023. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/