Species differences.
Species differences.
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DOI：
10.1093/bja/60.suppl_1.116s
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
T. Stanley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Stanley
使用体内动物模型评估麻醉剂对心肌功能的影响是困难的，因为不同的动物可能有非常不同的麻醉要求[5-8，15]。此外，许多（如果不是全部的话）镇痛剂、镇静剂和麻醉剂可用于镇静、麻醉或麻醉不同的物种，通常会产生广泛不同的心血管反应[5]。造成这些经常显著不同的需求和心血管效应的原因尚不完全清楚，但可能与基础温度，基础代谢率或两者的差异，禁闭和圈养的心理影响，野生动物生物学家称之为“野性”或兴奋的差异，水合状态，感知疼痛的能力提高或降低，训练或未经训练的动物的使用，训练对不同物种的应激、兴奋和CNS活性的影响，耐受性，年龄，动物的体重，以及心输出量对高度血管化的组织如脑和脊髓以及其他大组织块如肌肉的相对分布[1-8，11，15].一些研究人员已经确定，最好通过动物的最低能量消耗或基础代谢率来确定剂量比例[11]。现在有数据表明雀形目鸟类比非雀形目鸟类的能量需求高出50%以上。这些研究表明，非雀形目鸟类的最低能量需求平均比胎盘动物高出近10%，有袋动物的最低能量需求甚至更少，爬行动物的代谢率最低[11]。这些差异仅部分与体温差异有关。
Assessment of the effects of anaesthetics on myocardial function is difficult using in vivo animal models because different animals can have enormously different anaesthetic requirements [5-8, 15]. Furthermore, many, if not all, of the analgesics, tranquillizers and anaesthetics available and commonly used to sedate, immobilize or anaesthetize different species often produce widely different cardiovascular responses [5]. The reasons for these often dramatically different requirements and cardiovascular effects are not entirely clear, but may be related to differences in basal temperatures, basal metabolic rate or both, the psychological impact of confinement and captivity, differences in what wildlife biologists call" wildness" or excitement, the state of hydration, heightened or depressed abilities to perceive pain, the use of trained or untrained animals, the effects of training on stress, excitement and CNS activity in different species, tolerance, age, the weight of the animal, and the relative distribution of cardiac output to highly vascularized tissues such as the brain and spinal cord as well as to other large tissue masses, such as muscle [1-8, 11, 15].Some investigators have determined that dose scaling may be best determined by the minimal energy cost or basal metabolic rate of animals [11]. Data are now available which indicate that passerine birds have more than 50% greater energy requirements than non-passerine birds. These studies indicate that non-passerine birds have a minimal energy requirement that averages almost 10% greater than placental animals, that marsupials have even less of a minimal energy requirement, and reptiles have the lowest metabolic rates [11]. These differences are only partially related to differences in body temperature.