Behavioral Genetic Approach to the Study of Dyslexia
Behavioral Genetic Approach to the Study of Dyslexia
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DOI：
10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181ee4b70
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wagner, Richard K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hensler, Brooke Soden;Schatschneider, Christopher;Wagner, Richard K.
目的：阅读障碍是从业者、教育者和研究人员的一个突出焦点，因为未能熟练阅读会带来无数后果。本研究的目的是提供一个简要的概述，如何双胞胎研究可以提供洞察的原因，许多人类的行为和障碍，包括阅读障碍，讨论常见的误解，从行为遗传学研究的结果，简要回顾的证据之间的关系，基因，环境，和阅读障碍，最后提出一些发现，从一个大规模的双胞胎研究的阅读和阅读障碍。方法：参与者是一个正在进行的阅读和阅读障碍的纵向研究中的一个大的种族和社会经济上不同的双胞胎样本的双胞胎。采用标准化阅读测量方法，对1,024名一年级双胞胎的阅读能力和阅读障碍的遗传力进行了计算。如果儿童在阅读测试中得分低于第15百分位，则被确定为睡眠障碍。结果：阅读能力和阅读障碍的遗传力相对较高，表明有相当大的遗传影响。此外，研究结果表明影响阅读能力和阅读障碍的遗传因素有一些重叠。结论：行为遗传学研究为理解阅读障碍的病因提供了一种方法。这项研究将研究扩展到比现有研究更多样化的样本，并发现阅读能力和阅读障碍的遗传力估计较低，但类似的结果模式表明可能的遗传重叠。双胞胎研究提供了一个视角，通过量化等待由基因解释的变异量，同时提供了继续努力进行环境干预的动力，发现了与阅读障碍有关的特定基因。
Objective: Dyslexia is a prominent focus of practitioners, educators, and researchers because of the myriad consequences of failing to read proficiently. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of how twin studies can offer insight on the cause of many human behaviors and disorders including dyslexia, discuss common misconceptions regarding findings from behavioral genetic studies, briefly review the evidence on the relationship between genes, environment, and dyslexia, and finally present some findings from a large-scale twin study on reading and dyslexia. Method: Participants were twins from a large ethnically and socioeconomically diverse twin sample in an ongoing longitudinal study of reading and dyslexia. Heritabilities of reading ability and dyslexia were calculated for 1,024 first grade twins on a standardized reading measure. Children were identified as dyslexic if they scored at the 15th percentile or below on a reading measure. Results: Relatively high heritabilities were observed for both reading ability and dyslexia indicating substantial genetic influences. Further, results indicated some overlap of genetic factors influencing reading ability and dyslexia. Conclusions: Behavioral genetic studies offer a means of understanding the cause of dyslexia. This study extended research to a more diverse sample than extant studies and found lower heritability estimates of reading ability and dyslexia, but a similar pattern of results indicating possible genetic overlap. Twin studies provide perspective for discoveries of specific genes involved in dyslexia by quantifying the amount of variance waiting to be accounted for by genes while simultaneously providing an impetus to continue working on efforts for environmental intervention.