Behavioral and neural properties of social reinforcement learning.
Behavioral and neural properties of social reinforcement learning.
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社会强化学习的行为和神经特性。
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2972-11.2011
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发表时间：
2011-09-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Casey BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jones RM;Somerville LH;Li J;Ruberry EJ;Libby V;Glover G;Voss HU;Ballon DJ;Casey BJ
社交学习对于与其他人进行复杂的互动至关重要。从积极的社交交流中学习，例如同伴的接受，可能类似于基本的强化学习。我们通过开发一种基于非人类灵长类动物和强化学习的人类成像研究的新范式来正式测试这一假设。使用事件相关功能磁共振成像（fMRI）记录健康成年人的大脑活动时，从三个不同的同龄人那里获得积极的社会强化的概率被参数化地操纵。在实验过程中，参与者对提供更频繁的积极社交强化的同龄人的面孔做出更快的反应，并认为他们更讨人喜欢。逐项学习建模表明，腹侧纹状体和眶额皮质活动与形成对接受社会强化的期望呈正相关。嘴侧前扣带皮层活动与线索（同伴）预期值的调节呈正向跟踪。总之，三个层面的分析——社会偏好、反应延迟和神经反应建模——的结果与强化学习理论和非人类灵长类动物奖励电生理学研究一致。这项工作强调了同龄人的接受对改变后续行为的根本影响。
Social learning is critical for engaging in complex interactions with other individuals. Learning from positive social exchanges, such as acceptance from peers, may be similar to basic reinforcement learning. We formally test this hypothesis by developing a novel paradigm that is based upon work in non-human primates and human imaging studies of reinforcement learning. The probability of receiving positive social reinforcement from three distinct peers was parametrically manipulated while brain activity was recorded in healthy adults using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Over the course of the experiment, participants responded more quickly to faces of peers who provided more frequent positive social reinforcement, and rated them as more likeable. Modeling trial-by-trial learning showed ventral striatum and orbital frontal cortex activity correlated positively with forming expectations about receiving social reinforcement. Rostral anterior cingulate cortex activity tracked positively with modulations of expected value of the cues (peers). Together, the findings across three levels of analysis - social preferences, response latencies and modeling neural responses – are consistent with reinforcement learning theory and non-human primate electrophysiological studies of reward. This work highlights the fundamental influence of acceptance by one’s peers in altering subsequent behavior.