MicroRNAs in Brain Tumors
MicroRNAs in Brain Tumors
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DOI：
10.1007/s12035-011-8197-x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Haier, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hummel, Richard;Maurer, Jessica;Haier, Joerg
MicroRNA（miRNA、miR）是小型非编码 RNA 分子，可在转录后调节基因表达。虽然这组相对较新的分子在 20 世纪 90 年代初才被发现，但已被证明在调节许多生理过程以及最重要的病理过程（如癌症）中发挥着重要作用。大量的 miRNA 被发现参与多种人类恶性肿瘤的发病机制，并且 miRNA 的表达已被证明与临床和结果相关。然而，在脑肿瘤中，对 miRNA 作用的研究仍处于起步阶段，大多数出版物都提到最常见的原发性脑肿瘤，即神经胶质瘤（主要是胶质母细胞瘤）。尽管迄今为止可用的数据有限，但这些初步结果非常有希望，并且暗示 miRNA 可能为这种疾病的诊断和治疗开辟新的视角。通过这篇综述文章，我们旨在提供 miRNA 生物发生、功能和调控的简要概述。此后，将总结成人（胶质母细胞瘤）和儿童（髓母细胞瘤）两种最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤中 miRNA 的临床相关数据，并强调它们对诊断和治疗的潜在影响。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. Although discovered only recently in the early 1990s, this relatively new group of molecules has already been proven to play an essential role in the regulation of many physiological and, most importantly, pathological processes such as cancer. A large number of miRNAs has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of various human malignancies, and expression of miRNAs has been demonstrated to correlate with clinic and outcome. In tumors of the brain, however, the investigations on the role of miRNAs are still in its infancy, and most publications refer to the most common primary brain tumor, the glioma (mostly glioblastoma). But despite the fact that there is only limited data available so far, these first results are very promising and implicate that miRNAs might open a new perspective for diagnostics and treatment of this disease. With this review article, we aim to provide a short overview of miRNA biogenesis, function and regulation in general. Thereafter, the clinical relevant data about miRNAs in the two most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults (glioblastomas) and children (medulloblastomas) will be summarized, and their potential impact on diagnostics and treatment will be highlighted.