Improving strategies to prevent childhood lead poisoning using local data
Improving strategies to prevent childhood lead poisoning using local data
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.003
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Brown, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meyer, PA;Staley, F;Brown, MJ
铅中毒仍然是全世界儿童的一种重要但完全可以预防的疾病。在美国，儿童血铅水平一直在下降;然而，近50万儿童的血铅水平>= 10 μ g/dl，这是到2010年消除的目标水平。实现这一国家目标需要将知识转化为公共卫生实践。疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）资助州和地方卫生部门制定全面的预防计划和监测。包括路易斯维尔在内的肯塔基州杰斐逊县项目采纳了疾病预防控制中心的建议，将铅检测的目标对准风险最高的儿童，并利用铅中毒风险因素的知识制定预防策略。血铅检测的目标是路易斯维尔社区的高风险，即，1950年以前建造的住房价值低于50，000美元，这是儿童BLL>= 10 μ g/dl的已知风险因素。我们评估了这些和其他干预措施的影响。在1996年和2000年的出生队列中，对出生在高风险住房中的9-24个月儿童的检测从64.5%增加到73.7%（p值< 0.001）。在1996年和2000年的出生队列中，对在低风险住房中出生的儿童的检测没有重大变化，即，1950年以后建造，价值>= 50，000美元（37.0-37.5%; p值= 0.649）。本报告表明，将科学知识应用于公共卫生实践，并利用监测和其他数据来评估实践，有效地增加了对铅中毒高危儿童的检测，增加了铅安全住房，并增强了社区保护儿童免受铅接触的能力。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。
Lead poisoning remains an important, yet entirely preventable, disease among children worldwide. Children's blood lead levels (BLLs) have been declining in the United States; however, nearly half a million children have BLLs >= 10 mu g/dl, the level targeted for elimination by 2010. Attainment of this national goal will require translating knowledge into public health practice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funds state and local health departments to develop comprehensive prevention programs and surveillance. The Jefferson County, Kentucky Program, which includes Louisville, adopted CDC's recommendation for targeting lead testing to children at highest risk and used knowledge of risk factors for lead poisoning to develop prevention strategies. Blood lead testing was targeted to Louisville neighborhoods at high risk, i.e., those characterized by housing built before 1950 and valued < $50,000, which are known risk factors for BLLs >= 10 mu g/dl among children. We evaluated the impact of these and other interventions. Testing of children aged 9-24 months who were born in high risk housing increased from 64.5% to 73.7% (p-value < 0.001) among the 1996 and 2000 birth cohorts. Among the 1996 and 2000 birth cohorts, there was no significant change in testing of children born in low risk housing, i.e., built after 1950 and valued at >= $50,000 (37.0-37.5%; p-value = 0.649). This report demonstrates that applying scientific knowledge to public health practice and using surveillance and other data to evaluate practice effectively increased testing of children at high risk for lead poisoning, increased lead-safe housing, and empowered communities to protect their children from lead exposure. Published by Elsevier GmbH.