Using GIS to Delineate Headwater Stream Origins in the Appalachian Coalfields of Kentucky
Using GIS to Delineate Headwater Stream Origins in the Appalachian Coalfields of Kentucky
复制标题
使用 GIS 描绘肯塔基州阿巴拉契亚煤田的水源地
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Barton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jonathan A. Villines;C. Agouridis;R. Warner;C. Barton
源头河流与下游河段有着重要的联系或物理、化学和/或生物联系。通常，这些河流被定义为具有短暂、间歇或常年流态的第一至第三级河流，占总河流网络的很大一部分，特别是在山区地形中。由于它们通常位置偏远，体积小，数量多，因此对源头河流进行实地调查具有挑战性。需要一种方法来估计源头流的位置和范围，根据流态类型使用公开可用的空间数据，以简化这一复杂的过程。使用从三个对照流域现场收集的源头数据，根据一组与地形、地质和土壤相关的空间参数对溪流进行了表征。这些参数（1）与附近三个司法裁决中列出的实地收集的原点数据进行比较，（2）用于开发基于地理信息系统（GIS）的河流网络，以识别短暂，间歇性和常年性河流，以及（3）应用于较大的流域，并与使用高分辨率国家水文数据集（NHD）获得的值进行比较。流域面积和局部河谷坡度是最可靠的流态类型预测因子。结果显示，高分辨率NHD没有识别出短暂的溪流，间歇性和常年性溪流分别比GIS模型少9%和65%。
Headwater streams have a significant nexus or physical, chemical, and/or biological connection to downstream reaches. Generally, defined as 1st‐3rd order with ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial flow regimes, these streams account for a substantial portion of the total stream network particularly in mountainous terrain. Due to their often remote locations, small size, and large numbers, conducting field inventories of headwater streams is challenging. A means of estimating headwater stream location and extent according to flow regime type using publicly available spatial data is needed to simplify this complex process. Using field‐collected headwater point of origin data from three control watersheds, streams were characterized according to a set of spatial parameters related to topography, geology, and soils. These parameters were (1) compared to field‐collected point of origin data listed in three nearby Jurisdictional Determinations, (2) used to develop a geographic information system (GIS)‐based stream network for identifying ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial streams, and (3) applied to a larger watershed and compared to values obtained using the high‐resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). The parameters drainage area and local valley slope were the most reliable predictors of flow regime type. Results showed the high‐resolution NHD identified no ephemeral streams and 9 and 65% fewer intermittent and perennial streams, respectively, than the GIS model.