Chromosome Dynamics during Mitosis
Chromosome Dynamics during Mitosis
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a015792
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Hirano, Tatsuya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirano, Tatsuya
有丝分裂的主要目的是将复制的染色体分成子细胞。真核细胞染色体具有两种不同的内在机制，即粘着蛋白和凝聚蛋白，它们确保了染色体在有丝分裂过程中的可靠分离。在S期，姐妹染色单体合成后，粘着蛋白立即将姐妹染色单体保持在一起，直到中期建立与有丝分裂纺锤体的双极附着。另一方面，凝聚蛋白试图通过抵消粘着蛋白来“分解”姐妹染色单体。凝聚素和凝聚素的平衡作用的产物是中期染色体，其中两个杆状染色单体主要在着丝粒处连接。在后期，这种连接通过分离酶的作用释放，分离酶蛋白水解切割剩余的粘附素群体。最近的研究揭示了这一系列事件如何相互机械耦合，并受到许多调节因素的复杂调节。
The primary goal of mitosis is to partition duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells. Eukaryotic chromosomes are equipped with two distinct classes of intrinsic machineries, cohesin and condensins, that ensure their faithful segregation during mitosis. Cohesin holds sister chromatids together immediately after their synthesis during S phase until the establishment of bipolar attachments to the mitotic spindle in metaphase. Condensins, on the other hand, attempt to "resolve" sister chromatids by counteracting cohesin. The products of the balancing acts of cohesin and condensins are metaphase chromosomes, in which two rod-shaped chromatids are connected primarily at the centromere. In anaphase, this connection is released by the action of separase that proteolytically cleaves the remaining population of cohesin. Recent studies uncover how this series of events might be mechanistically coupled with each other and intricately regulated by a number of regulatory factors.