Age-dependent migration strategy in honey buzzards Pernis apivorus tracked by satellite
Age-dependent migration strategy in honey buzzards Pernis apivorus tracked by satellite
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12145.x
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Alerstam, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hake, M;Kjellén, N;Alerstam, T
用卫星无线电跟踪了6只成年和3只幼年蜜雕从瑞典西南部秋季迁徙的过程。所有成年企鹅都从直布罗陀海峡穿越地中海，然后继续穿越撒哈拉沙漠，从塞拉利昂到喀麦隆，在西非过冬。通过分析迁徙的三个主要步骤(1)从繁殖地到地中海南部地区，(2)穿过撒哈拉沙漠，(3)从撒哈拉沙漠南部到越冬地，成虫在这些步骤之间明显改变了方向，并沿着明显的大规模迂回迁徙。相比之下，幼鲸向更南的方向移动，在地中海的不同地方，但最终还是和成年鲸一样在同一个越冬地区。两个年龄组的平均旅行速度相似，在欧洲约为170公里/天，在撒哈拉沙漠上空约为270公里/天，在撒哈拉以南非洲约为125公里/天。然而，由于成虫在途中停留的天数较少，它们保持了较高的平均总速度，并在较短的时间内（42天）完成了迁移，而幼虫则在64天内完成了迁移。虽然幼鸟飞向越冬地的路线更直接，但它们的飞行距离并不比成年鸟短得多，因为它们往往在较短的飞行段之间表现出更大的方向性分散。研究结果证实了先前的观点，即成年和幼年蜜雕在秋季迁徙时遵循不同的路线，并且在其一生中会改变迁徙策略。虽然少年可能使用个体媒介定向，但社会影响和学习对成年迂回迁移可能非常重要。蜂蜜秃鹰的迁徙路线和方向的显著和明显的年龄依赖性转变提供了一个具有挑战性的进化问题。
Six adult and three juvenile honey buzzards Pernis apivorus were radio-tracked by satellite during autumn migration from southwestern Sweden. All adults crossed the Mediterranean Sea at the Strait of Gibraltar and continued across the Sahara desert to winter in West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Cameroon. Analysing three main steps of the migration, (1) from the breeding site to the southern Mediterranean region, (2) across the Sahara and (3) from the southern Sahara to the wintering sites, the adults changed direction significantly between these steps, and migrated along a distinct large-scale detour. In contrast, the juveniles travelled in more southerly directions, crossed the Mediterranean Sea at various places, but still ended up in the same wintering areas as the adults. Average speeds maintained on travelling days were similar for the two age groups, about 170 km/day in Europe, 270 km/day across Sahara and 125 km/day in Africa south of Sahara. However, as the adults used fewer stopover days en route, they maintained higher mean overall speeds and completed migration in a shorter time (42 days) than the juveniles (64 days). Although the juveniles set out on more direct courses towards the wintering grounds, they did not cover significantly shorter distances than the adults, as they tended to show a larger directional scatter between shorter flight segments. The results corroborate previous suggestions that adult and juvenile honey buzzards follow different routes during autumn migration, and that the birds change migration strategy during their lifetime. While juveniles may use individual vector orientation, social influences and learning may be of great importance for the detour migration of adults. The remarkable and distinct age-dependent shift in migratory route and orientation of the honey buzzard provides a challenging evolutionary problem.