The increase in longitudinally measured sleepiness across adolescence is related to the maturational decline in low-frequency EEG power
The increase in longitudinally measured sleepiness across adolescence is related to the maturational decline in low-frequency EEG power
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DOI：
10.1093/sleep/30.12.1677
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Feinberg, Irwin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Ian G.;Higgins, Lisa M.;Feinberg, Irwin
目的：改变睡眠时间表，减少睡眠时间被认为是造成青少年白天嗜睡增加的原因。我们检验了一种假设，即青少年白天嗜睡也是青少年大脑成熟过程的结果，该过程由delta脑电图（EEG）活动下降所指示。设计：数据来自一项关于青少年脑电图变化的半纵向研究的前3年。每半年记录一次夜间脑电图。设置：在受试者家中用动态记录仪记录脑电图。参与者：研究开始时，31名受试者为9岁（队列C9）， 38名受试者为12岁（队列C12）。测量方法：计算非快速眼动睡眠前5小时的脑电图功率密度（功率/分钟）。受试者用改良的爱普沃斯嗜睡量表评定困倦程度。通过自我报告和活动记录仪评估习惯性睡眠时间表。结果：在C9受试者中，嗜睡轻微增加，仅与年龄有关。在C12受试者中，主观困倦程度的增加与年龄、就寝时间、卧床时间的变化以及脑电图功率密度的宽频率范围有关。困倦与起床时间、非快速眼动睡眠持续时间、快速眼动睡眠持续时间或总睡眠时间无关。在统计上控制睡眠时间的情况下，C12组的困倦增加与δ功率密度下降密切相关，出乎意料的是，与θ功率密度下降的关系更为密切。结论：这些数据支持了我们的假设，即青少年白天嗜睡的增加与脑电图功率下降所反映的大脑成熟变化有关，与睡眠时间表的改变无关。我们的假设是，δ波和θ波能量的下降与青春期突触的修剪有关，这种修剪会降低清醒时的觉醒水平。
Objectives: A changing sleep schedule that reduces sleep duration is thought to produce the increasing daytime sleepiness of adolescents. We tested the hypothesis that adolescent daytime sleepiness also results from adolescent brain maturational processes indexed by declining delta electroencephalographic (EEG) activity.Design: Data are from the first 3 years of a semilongitudinal study of EEG changes in adolescence. All-night EEG was recorded semiannually.Setting: EEG was recorded with ambulatory recorders in the subjects' homes.Participants: Thirty-one subjects were 9 years old (cohort C9), and 38 subjects were 12 years old (cohort C12) at the start of the study.Measurements: EEG power density (power/minute) was calculated for the first 5 hours of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Subjects rated sleepiness on a modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Habitual sleep schedules were assessed with self-reports and actigraphy.Results: In C9 subjects, sleepiness increased slightly and was related only to age. In C12 subjects, the increase in subjective sleepiness was related to changes in age, bedtime, time in bed, and a wide frequency range of EEG power density. Sleepiness was not related to rise time, non-rapid eye movement sleep duration, rapid eye movement sleep duration, or total sleep time. With sleep schedule measures statistically controlled, the increase in sleepiness in the C12 group was strongly related to declining delta power density and, unexpectedly, even more strongly related to declining theta power density.Conclusions: The data support our hypothesis that, independent of sleep schedule changes, increasing adolescent daytime sleepiness is related to brain maturational changes indexed by declining EEG power. Our working hypothesis is that the declines in delta and theta power are correlates of an adolescent synaptic pruning that reduces waking arousal levels.