Is religion not prosocial at all? Comment on Galen (2012).
Is religion not prosocial at all? Comment on Galen (2012).
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宗教根本不亲社会吗？
DOI：
10.1037/a0028927
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
V. Saroglou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Saroglou
Galen（2012）批判性地回顾了最近关于宗教和亲社会性的研究，得出结论认为宗教亲社会性假设是一个（一致性）谬误。观察到的效果并不是真实的：它们只反映了刻板印象和内部群体的偏袒，是由于世俗的心理影响，是不一致的，是混乱的（例如，通过忽略曲线关系）那些与非信徒的宗教虔诚度低。在这篇评论中，我们首先区分了两种观点：一种是关于宗教亲社会性联系的范围、背景和性质的已知局限性，另一种是加伦否认这种联系的有效性和可行性的新颖的、更为激进的论点。其次，对相关研究的仔细检查表明，宗教亲社会性并没有在自我报告中被简化为社会可取性，而是通过对目标的宗教地位视而不见的同龄人的评级得到证实，并通过受控实验中的真实的亲社会行为和具有长期影响的生活决定来表达。这种行为不能归结为群体内的偏袒。最后，加伦在宗教与“世俗”心理效应之间的对立被批评为心理学上的问题，而他对曲线关系的坚持在确认线性关系的研究基础上被相对化。替代研究的问题，了解无神论者的亲社会性提出。
Galen (2012), critically reviewing recent research on religion and prosociality, concludes that the religious prosociality hypothesis is a (congruence) fallacy. The observed effects are not real: They only reflect stereotypes and ingroup favoritism, are due to secular psychological effects, are inconsistent, and confound (e.g., by ignoring curvilinear relationships) those low in religiosity with nonbelievers. In this commentary, a distinction is first made between the already known limitations on the extent, context, and quality of the religion-prosociality link and the novel, more radical argument of Galen denying the validity and the plausibility of such a link. Second, careful examination of relevant studies shows that religious prosociality is not reduced to social desirability in self-reports, is confirmed through ratings by peers who are blind with regard to the religious status of the target, and is expressed through real prosocial behavior in controlled experiments and life decisions with long-term effects. This behavior cannot be reduced to ingroup favoritism. Finally, Galen's opposition between religious versus "secular" psychological effects is criticized as psychologically problematic, and his insistence for examination of curvilinear relationships is relativized on the basis of research confirming the linear relationship. Alternative research questions for understanding prosociality of atheists are proposed.