The sleep of long-haul truck drivers
The sleep of long-haul truck drivers
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DOI：
10.1056/nejm199709113371106
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发表时间：
1997-09-11
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
Wylie, CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitler, MM;Miller, JC;Wylie, CD
疲劳和睡眠不足是长途卡车司机面临的重要安全问题。方法我们对四组20名男性卡车司机进行了24小时的电生理和性能监测。我们比较了四种驾驶时间表，两种在美国（五种10小时的白天驾驶，每天大约在同一时间开始，或者晚上驾驶，每天早2小时开始），两种在加拿大（四种13小时的深夜驾驶，每天晚上大约在同一时间开始，或者下午到晚上驾驶，每天晚1小时开始）。结果：在为期五天的研究中，司机平均每天卧床5.18小时，每天经电生理学验证的睡眠时间为4.78小时（范围从每晚13小时的稳定睡眠时间为3.83小时到每天10小时的稳定睡眠时间为5.38小时）。这些数值与自我报告的平均（+/-SD）理想睡眠量（每天7.1+/-1小时）相比较。对于35名司机（44%）来说，小睡平均增加了0.45±0.31小时的睡眠时间。没有发生撞车或其他车辆事故。两名司机有未确诊的睡眠呼吸暂停，这是由多导睡眠描记术检测出来的。通过脑电图检测，另外两名司机在开车时各有一次第一阶段睡眠。根据对司机面部录像的分析，45名司机（56%）在开车时至少有1分钟的睡意间隔；1989年的6分钟片段中，有1067个（54%）显示昏昏欲睡的司机只涉及8名司机。结论：在本研究中，长途卡车司机的睡眠时间少于工作时保持警觉性所需的睡眠时间。最容易陷入睡眠或似睡眠状态的时候是在深夜和清晨。(C) 1997年，马萨诸塞州医学协会。
Background Fatigue and sleep deprivation are important safety issues for long-haul truck drivers.Methods We conducted round-the-clock electrophysiologic and performance monitoring of four groups of 20 male truck drivers who were carrying revenue-producing loads. We compared four driving schedules, two in the United States (five 10-hour trips of day driving beginning about the same time each day or of night driving beginning about 2 hours earlier each day) and two in Canada (four 13-hour trips of late-night-to-morning driving beginning at about the same time each evening or of afternoon-to-night driving beginning 1 hour later each day).Results Drivers averaged 5.18 hours in bed per day and 4.78 hours of electrophysiologically verified sleep per day over the five-day study (range, 3.83 hours of sleep for those on the steady 13-hour night schedule to 5.38 hours of sleep for those on the steady 10-hour day schedule). These values compared with a mean (+/-SD) self-reported ideal amount of sleep of 7.1+/-1 hours a day. For 35 drivers (44 percent), naps augmented the sleep obtained by an average of 0.45+/-0.31 hour. No crashes or other vehicle mishaps occurred. Two drivers had undiagnosed sleep apnea, as detected by polysomnography. Two other drivers had one episode each of stage 1 sleep while driving, as detected by electroencephalography. Forty-five drivers (56 percent) had at least 1 six-minute interval of drowsiness while driving, as judged by analysis of video recordings of their faces; 1067 of the 1989 six-minute segments (54 percent) showing drowsy drivers involved just eight drivers.Conclusions Long-haul truck drivers in this study obtained less sleep than is required for alertness on the job. The greatest vulnerability to sleep or sleep-like states is in the late night and early morning. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society.