Seed morphology of modern and fossil Ampelocissus (Vitaceae) and implications for phytogeography
Seed morphology of modern and fossil Ampelocissus (Vitaceae) and implications for phytogeography
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.94.9.1534
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Manchester, Steven R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Iju;Manchester, Steven R.
种子有助于区分葡萄科现存属，并为化石遗迹的解释提供了良好的基础，以重建这个推测为基础的Rosid科的进化和植物地理史。蛇葡萄属植物的种子。包括蕨类和罗汉果，区别于所有其他的牡蛎属，有长的、平行的腹侧折叠和中心位置的椭圆形合点疤痕。主成分分析有助于识别四个蛇葡萄属植物。种子形态类型由背腹厚度、腹侧褶皱宽度、合点深度和背面粗糙度来区分。在这些交界处，它们的端员形态是独特的，并与花序形态、现存的地理分布和生态很好地吻合。共发现7个形态种化石。小叶蛇葡萄(北达科他州的古新世；俄勒冈州的始新世)和曼彻斯特(俄勒冈州的始新世)与现存的中美洲种相似；Bravoi Berry(秘鲁的始新世)与旧大陆的一组现存物种相似；以及A.parachandleri sp.N.(俄勒冈州始新世)和三个欧洲化石种A.chandleri(Kirchheimer)comb.N.、裂叶海棠？(钱德勒)梳子。N.和大麦A.Wildei sp.N.(始新世至中新世)与另一类现存的东半球蛇葡萄属相似。所有这些化石都出现在该属目前的地理范围之外，反映了较温暖的气候和以前的洲际联系。
Seeds are useful in distinguishing among extant genera of Vitaceae and provide a good basis for interpretation of fossil remains in reconstructing the evolutionary and phytogeographic history of this putatively basal Rosid family. Seeds of Ampelocissus s.l. including Pterisanthes and Nothocissus are distinguished from those of all other vitaceous genera by long, parallel ventral infolds and a centrally positioned oval chalazal scar. Principal component analysis facilitates recognition of four Ampelocissus s.l. seed morphotypes differentiated by dorsiventral thickness, width of ventral infolds, chalazal depth, and degree of dorsal surface rugosity. While these intergrade, their end-member morphologies are distinctive and coincide well with inflorescence morphology, extant geographic distribution, and ecology. Seven fossil morphospecies are recognized. Ampelocissus parvisemina sp. n. (Paleocene of North Dakota; Eocene of Oregon) and A. auriforma Manchester (Eocene of Oregon) resemble extant Central American species; A. bravoi Berry (Eocene of Peru) is similar to one group of Old World extant species; and A. parachandleri sp. n. (Eocene of Oregon) and the three European fossil species A. chandleri (Kirchheimer) comb. n., A. lobatum? (Chandler) comb. n., and A. wildei sp. n. (Eocene to Miocene) resemble another group of extant Old World Ampelocissus. All these fossils occur outside the present geographic range of the genus, reflecting warmer climates and former intercontinental links.