Ca2+ sources for the exocytotic release of glutamate from astrocytes
Ca2+ sources for the exocytotic release of glutamate from astrocytes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.006
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Verkhratsky, Alexei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parpura, Vladimir;Grubisic, Vladimir;Verkhratsky, Alexei
星形胶质细胞可以从囊泡隔室向外释放胶质递质谷氨酸。增加胞质Ca 2+浓度是必要的，足够的这个过程。星形胶质细胞胞吐的主要Ca 2+来源位于内质网（ER）内。ER的肌醇1，4，5-三磷酸和兰尼碱受体为Ca 2+释放到胞质溶胶提供了通道。内质网的钙库被钙库特异性的Ca ~（2+）-ATP酶重新填充。最后，耗尽的ER由Ca 2+补充，Ca 2+通过储存操作的Ca 2+进入从细胞外空间进入胞质溶胶; TRPC 1蛋白参与了星形胶质细胞胞吐过程的这一部分。电压门控Ca 2+通道和质膜Na+/Ca 2+交换器是细胞溶质Ca 2+进入的额外手段。细胞质Ca 2+水平可以通过线粒体调节，线粒体可以通过Ca 2+单向转运体吸收细胞质Ca 2+，并通过线粒体Na+/Ca 2+交换器将Ca 2+释放到细胞质中，以及通过线粒体渗透性转换孔的形成来调节。各种Ca 2+来源之间的相互作用产生细胞质Ca 2+动态，可以驱动星形胶质细胞中Ca 2+依赖性谷氨酸的胞吐释放。对这一过程的理解将揭示星形胶质细胞在大脑健康和疾病中的一些功能。这篇文章是题为：第11届欧洲钙研讨会特刊的一部分。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Astrocytes can exocytotically release the gliotransmitter glutamate from vesicular compartments. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is necessary and sufficient for this process. The predominant source of Ca2+ for exocytosis in astrocytes resides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors of the ER provide a conduit for the release of Ca2+ to the cytosol. The ER store is (re)filled by the store-specific Ca2+-ATPase. Ultimately, the depleted ER is replenished by Ca2+ which enters from the extracellular space to the cytosol via store-operated Ca2+ entry; the TRPC1 protein has been implicated in this part of the astrocytic exocytotic process. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are additional means for cytosolic Ca2+ entry. Cytosolic Ca2+ levels can be modulated by mitochondria, which can take up cytosolic Ca2+ via the Ca2+ uniporter and release Ca2+ into cytosol via the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, as well as by the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The interplay between various Ca2+ sources generates cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics that can drive Ca2+-dependent exocytotic release of glutamate from astrocytes. An understanding of this process in vivo will reveal some of the astrocytic functions in health and disease of the brain. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.