Do You Conduct International Research? What You Need to Know About Access, Benefit-Sharing, and the Nagoya Protocol
Do You Conduct International Research? What You Need to Know About Access, Benefit-Sharing, and the Nagoya Protocol
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您进行国际研究吗？
DOI：
10.1002/bes2.1399
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Parsons, Jill Petraglia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Duke, Clifford S.;Parsons, Jill Petraglia
在其他国家进行研究并与国际同行合作可以丰富生态学家的职业生涯，并使他们有机会为环境政策和保护中的重要问题做出贡献。然而，在国际上工作的研究人员必须遵守国际协议和当地法律的各种要求。 《名古屋议定书》是《生物多样性公约》(CBD) 的一部分，是一项呼吁分享遗传资源使用惠益的国际协议，于 2014 年 10 月 12 日生效，旨在确保各国和土著人民分享在其土地和水域进行生物研究的非货币和货币利益，促进生物多样性的保护和可持续利用。该议定书呼吁每个国家制定自己的要求，管理遗传资源和与这些资源相关的传统知识的获取。这些要求的关键是研究人员需要根据其工作所在的每个国家的共同商定条款 (MAT) 获得事先知情同意 (PIC)。 《生物多样性公约》（2010 年）将 PIC 定义为“在获取遗传资源之前，提供国国家主管当局根据适当的国家法律和制度框架向用户授予的许可”，将 MAT 定义为“遗传资源提供者和用户之间就获取和使用资源的条件以及双方共享利益达成的协议”。
Conducting research in other countries and collaborating with colleagues internationally can enrich the careers of ecologists and give them opportunities to contribute to important questions in environmental policy and conservation. However, researchers working internationally must comply with a variety of requirements of both international agreements and local laws. The Nagoya Protocol, part of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), an international agreement that calls for sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources, came into force on 12 October 2014 and aims to ensure that countries and indigenous peoples share in the nonmonetary and monetary benefits of biological research on their lands and waters, promoting conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.The Protocol calls upon each country to establish its own requirements governing access to genetic resources and to traditional knowledge associated with those resources. Key to these requirements is the need for researchers to obtain Prior Informed Consent (PIC) under Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) for each country where they work. The CBD (2010) defines PIC as “the permission given by the competent national authority of a provider country to a user prior to accessing genetic resources, in line with an appropriate national legal and institutional framework” and MAT as “an agreement reached between the providers of genetic resources and users on the conditions of access and use of the resources, and the benefits to be shared between both parties.”