The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997
The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997
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DOI：
10.1038/nature01131
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发表时间：
2002-11-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Limin, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Page, SE;Siegert, F;Limin, S
热带泥炭地是陆地有机碳最大的近地表储量之一，因此其稳定性对气候变化具有重要意义（1-3）。在自然状态下，低地热带泥炭地支持泥炭沼泽森林的繁茂生长，覆盖着厚达20米的泥炭沉积物（4，5）。持续的环境变化，特别是排水和森林砍伐，威胁着它们的稳定性，并使它们容易受到火灾的影响。在1997年厄尔尼诺事件期间，印度尼西亚森林泥炭地（7-10）发生了广泛的火灾，这证明了这一点。在这里，使用1997年火灾前后婆罗洲加里曼丹中部250万公顷研究区域的卫星图像，我们计算出32%（0.79 Mha）的区域被烧毁，其中泥炭地占91.5%（0.73 Mha）。使用泥炭燃烧深度的地面测量，我们估计，0.19-0.23千兆吨（Gt）的碳被释放到大气中通过泥炭燃烧，与另外0.05 Gt释放从燃烧的覆盖植被。将这些估计外推到整个印度尼西亚，我们估计，1997年，由于印度尼西亚的泥炭和植被燃烧，有0.81至2.57 Gt的碳被释放到大气中。这相当于化石燃料产生的全球平均年碳排放量的13-40%，并极大地促进了自1957年有记录以来大气CO2浓度的最大年度增长。
Tropical peatlands are one of the largest near-surface reserves of terrestrial organic carbon, and hence their stability has important implications for climate change(1-3). In their natural state, lowland tropical peatlands support a luxuriant growth of peat swamp forest overlying peat deposits up to 20 metres thick(4,5). Persistent environmental change-in particular, drainage and forest clearing-threatens their stability 2, and makes them susceptible to fire(6). This was demonstrated by the occurrence of widespread fires throughout the forested peatlands of Indonesia(7-10) during the 1997 El Nino event. Here, using satellite images of a 2.5 million hectare study area in Central Kalimantan, Borneo, from before and after the 1997 fires, we calculate that 32% (0.79 Mha) of the area had burned, of which peatland accounted for 91.5% (0.73 Mha). Using ground measurements of the burn depth of peat, we estimate that 0.19-0.23 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon were released to the atmosphere through peat combustion, with a further 0.05 Gt released from burning of the overlying vegetation. Extrapolating these estimates to Indonesia as a whole, we estimate that between 0.81 and 2.57 Gt of carbon were released to the atmosphere in 1997 as a result of burning peat and vegetation in Indonesia. This is equivalent to 13-40% of the mean annual global carbon emissions from fossil fuels, and contributed greatly to the largest annual increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration detected since records began in 1957 (ref. 1).