DYNAMICS OF INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION IN PREADOLESCENT CLIQUES
DYNAMICS OF INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION IN PREADOLESCENT CLIQUES
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DOI：
10.2307/2787039
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发表时间：
1995-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
ADLER, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ADLER, PA;ADLER, P
组织儿童生活的社会安排的关键结构形式是小团体。这一主要群体塑造了儿童青春期前的性格，并塑造了他们向成人生活的社会化。在本文中，我们利用纵向参与观察和对小学高年级儿童的深度访谈来探索小集团动态的核心特征：包容和排斥技术。小集团是权力的圈子，领导者通过循环地建立和削弱追随者来获得和施加影响，首先将他们吸引到精英内部圈子，让他们享受受欢迎和接受的光芒，然后通过让群体反对他们，将他们降低到依赖和被征服的位置。最后，我们讨论了这些包容和排斥动态的一般特征，这种周期性模式的特征，这种社交经验对更广泛的权力和操纵的社会动态的影响，以及导致偏见和歧视的群体内/群体外差异。
A critical structural form organizing the social arrangement of childrens's lives is the clique. This primary group colors the character of children's preadolescent years and shapes their socialization to adult life. In this paper we draw on longitudinal participant observation and on depth interviews with advanced elementary-school children to explore the central feature of clique dynamics: the techniques of inclusion and exclusion. Cliques are circles of power wherein leaders attain and wield influence over their followers by cyclically building them up and cutting them down, first drawing them into the elite inner circle and allowing them to bask in the glow of popularity and acceptance, and then reducing them to positions of dependence and subjugation by turning the group against them. We conclude by discussing the generic features of these inclusionary and exclusionary dynamics, the characteristics of this cyclical pattern, the implications of this socializing experience for the broader societal dynamics of power and manipulation, and the kind of in-group/out-group differentiation that call lead to prejudice and discrimination.