Hypoxia: life on the edge.
Hypoxia: life on the edge.
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缺氧：生命处于边缘。
DOI：
10.1089/ars.2007.1730
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Webster,KeithA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Webster,KeithA
缺氧及其必然结果对多细胞真核生物造成负面和正面的压力。进化上，生命是在缺氧条件下发展起来的，而构建模块是在接近厌氧的条件下建立的；因此，有理由预期某些生物过程可能在缺氧条件下优先进行。不断变化的证据表明，通过提供氧化应激减少的环境，缺氧可能有助于保护某些细胞的生物功能并防止衰老。缺氧为发育提供了重要的信号，通过诱导细胞凋亡来修剪多余的组织，并驱动氧气和营养输送系统以及废物管理系统的生长和发育。缺氧和缺血的病理后果，包括酸中毒和与缺氧-再氧合相关的氧化应激，构成了人类面临的大多数主要疾病的基础，包括心脏病、癌症和与年龄相关的退行性疾病。论坛中的 11 篇文章涉及缺氧的多个方面，特别是信号反应、适应以及供需失衡和波动导致的疾病。尽管我们已经开发出复杂的过程来对抗缺氧和氧化损伤，但很明显，氧气和我们的环境仍然控制着我们，甚至可能比 20 亿年前我们的单细胞祖先更受控制。
Hypoxia and its corollaries pose both negative and positive pressures to multicellular eukaryotes. Evolutionarily, life developed under hypoxia, and the building blocks were established under conditions close to anaerobiosis; therefore, reason exists to expect that certain biologic processes may perform preferentially under hypoxia. Evolving evidence suggests that by providing an environment of reduced oxidative stress, hypoxia may help preserve the biologic functions of some cells and prevent senescence. Hypoxia provides essential signals for development, trimming redundant tissue by inducing apoptosis and driving the growth and development of oxygen and nutrient delivery systems, as well as those for waste management. The pathologic consequences of hypoxia and ischemia, including acidosis and oxidative stress associated with hypoxia– reoxygenation, form the basis of most of the major diseases confronting humans, including heart disease, cancer, and age-related degenerative conditions. The 11 articles in the forum touch on multiple aspects of hypoxia, in particular, signaling responses, adaptations, and diseases that result from imbalance and fluctuations of supply and demand. Although we have developed elaborate processes to combat hypoxia and oxidative damage, it is clear that oxygen and our environment still control us, perhaps even more than they did our unicellular ancestors 2 billion years ago.