AIDS IN AFRICA - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC PARADIGM
AIDS IN AFRICA - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC PARADIGM
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DOI：
10.1126/science.3022379
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发表时间：
1986-11-21
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
PIOT, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
QUINN, TC;MANN, JM;PIOT, P
世界各国都报告了后天免疫机能丧失综合症（艾滋病）病例。在中非进行的初步监测研究表明，艾滋病的年发病率为每百万成年人550至1 000例。男女病例比例为1：1，30岁以下女性的特定年龄和性别比率较高，40岁以上男性的比率较高。在临床上，非洲人的艾滋病通常表现为肺结核、隐球菌病和隐孢子虫病等机会性感染，或播散性卡波西肉瘤。1%至18%的健康献血者和孕妇以及多达27%至88%的妓女具有人体免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病毒）抗体。目前，中非和东非总人口的年感染率约为0.75%。该病主要通过异性性行为、非肠道输血和未经消毒的针头传播，并在围产期从受感染的母亲传给新生儿，在经济和文化因素有利于这些传播方式的地方，该病将继续迅速传播。通过教育方案和血库筛查预防和控制艾滋病毒感染应成为所有非洲国家立即的公共卫生优先事项。
Cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in countries throughout the world. Initial surveillance studies in Central Africa suggest an annual incidence of AIDS of 550 to 1000 cases per million adults. The male to female ratio of cases is 1:1, with age- and sex-specific rates greater in females less than 30 years of age and greater in males over age 40. Clinically, AIDS in Africans is often characterized by a diarrhea-wasting syndrome, opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and cryptosporidiosis, or disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. From 1 to 18% of healthy blood donors and pregnant women and as many as 27 to 88% of female prostitutes have antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present annual incidence of infection is approximately 0.75% among the general population of Central and East Africa. The disease is transmitted predominantly by heterosexual activity, parenteral exposure to blood transfusions and unsterilized needles, and perinatally from infected mothers to their newborns, and will continue to spread rapidly where economic and cultural factors favor these modes of transmission. Prevention and control of HIV infection through educational programs and blood bank screening should be an immediate public health priority for all African countries.