Helping and cooperation at 14 months of age
Helping and cooperation at 14 months of age
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00227.x
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Tomasello, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Warneken, Felix;Tomasello, Michael
两个实验调查了14个月大的婴儿(A)无私地帮助他人实现个人目标的倾向，以及(B)朝着共同目标合作的倾向。这些婴儿通过交出另一个人没有成功够到的物品来帮助另一个人，但在涉及更复杂目标的情况下，他们并不能可靠地帮助别人。当程序化的成年伴侣在特定时刻打断联合合作活动时，婴儿有时会试图重新与成年人接触，这可能表明他们理解朝着共同目标的行动之间的相互依存。然而，与18个月和24个月大的婴儿相比，他们与社会伴侣行为协调的技能仍然很初级。当它们在生命的第二年发展时，结果被整合到合作活动的模型中。
Two experiments investigated the proclivity of 14-month-old infants (a) to altruistically help others toward individual goals, and (b) to cooperate toward a shared goal. The infants helped another person by handing over objects the other person was unsuccessfully reaching for, but did not help reliably in situations involving more complex goals. When a programmed adult partner interrupted a joint cooperative activity at specific moments, infants sometimes tried to reengage the adult, perhaps indicating that they understood the interdependency of actions toward a shared goal. However, as compared to 18- and 24-month-olds, their skills in behaviorally coordinating their actions with a social partner remained rudimentary. Results are integrated into a model of cooperative activities as they develop over the 2nd year of life.