Converging Divergence? Unpacking the New Geography of 21st Century Global Development
Converging Divergence? Unpacking the New Geography of 21st Century Global Development
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DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3144281
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发表时间：
2017-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Horner;D. Hulme
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Horner;D. Hulme
基于对2015年后发展的“是什么”和“如何”的研究，并受到可持续发展目标中具有普遍参考框架的重大空间转变的激励，本文考虑当代发展的“在哪里”。发展的经济、人文和环境方面的地理变化被绘制成图表。全球南北之间的一些趋同趋势，使得将国际发展视为19世纪和20世纪的“大分化时代”的框架站不住脚。然而，某种程度的全球趋同并不能充分反映一个发展不平等现象严重的世界。相反，尽管总体的二元发展框架正在变得模糊，但这种趋势被较小空间尺度上日益扩大的分歧所掩盖——尤其是在国家内部。“趋同的分歧”是21世纪全球发展的新地理特征，超越了对全球趋同的过度乐观主张，也超越了对旧的发展鸿沟永存的悲观说法。本文探讨了“趋同分化”的含义，并得出结论认为，21世纪的全球发展涉及并必须解决一个与20世纪国际发展截然不同的地理问题。
Building on a body of research on the “what” and “how” of post-2015 development, and motivated by the significant spatial shift to having a universal frame of reference in the Sustainable Development Goals, this article considers the “where” of contemporary development. The shifting geographies of economic, human and environmental aspects of development are charted. Some converging trends between the Global North and South render untenable the framing of international development as a 19th and 20th century world of “divergence big time”. Yet, some degree of global convergence does not adequately capture a world where development inequalities are profound. Instead, while the over-arching binary framing of development is blurring, such a trend is overlain by growing divergence at smaller spatial scales – especially within nations. “Converging divergence” characterises the new geography of 21st century global development, moving beyond overly optimistic claims of global convergence, but also beyond pessimistic accounts of the perpetuation of old development divides. The implications of “converging divergence” are explored and it is concluded that 21st century global development involves and must address a very different geography from that of 20th century international development.