Phylogenetic diversity among low-virulence newcastle disease viruses from waterfowl and shorebirds and comparison of genotype distributions to those of poultry-origin isolates
Phylogenetic diversity among low-virulence newcastle disease viruses from waterfowl and shorebirds and comparison of genotype distributions to those of poultry-origin isolates
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.00843-07
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Afonso, Claudio L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, L. Mia;King, Daniel J.;Afonso, Claudio L.
低毒性纽卡斯尔病病毒（loNDV）经常从野生鸟类中回收，但对其分布、遗传多样性或在家禽中引起疾病的潜力知之甚少。NDV分离株回收泄殖腔样品的明显健康的水禽和滨鸟（WS）在美国在1986年至2005年期间进行了检查的基因组多样性和它们的潜在的毒力（n = 249）。此外，对来自美国活禽市场（LBM）的19株loNDV分离株进行了分析，发现其在遗传上与活疫苗中使用的NDV不同，但与WS来源的NDV相关。系统发育分析的融合蛋白中确定了9个新的基因型之间的I类NDV，和新的基因组亚组之间的基因型I和II的II类病毒。WS来源的NDV具有广泛的遗传多样性和抗原多样性，部分WS基因型与LBM来源的NDV亲缘关系较近。根据融合切割位点的测序、脑内致病性指数或胚胎测定中的平均死亡时间，预测所有NDV都是弱毒的。以基质基因为靶点的USDA实时逆转录-PCR检测法鉴定了几乎所有检测的II类NDV，但未能检测到来自LBM和WS的I类病毒。然而，由于loNDV的广泛遗传多样性、禽类中的弱毒呈递和当前快速诊断工具的局限性，这些事件可能不被注意地发生。
Low-virulence Newcastle disease viruses (loNDV) are frequently recovered from wild bird species, but little is known about their distribution, genetic diversity, or potential to cause disease in poultry. NDV isolates recovered from cloacal samples of apparently healthy waterfowl and shorebirds (WS) in the United States during 1986 to 2005 were examined for genomic diversity and their potential for virulence (n = 249). In addition 19 loNDV isolates from U.S. live bird markets (LBMs) were analyzed and found to be genetically distinct from NDV used in live vaccines but related to WS-origin NDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein identified nine novel genotypes among the class I NDV, and new genomic subgroups were identified among genotypes I and II of the class II viruses. The WS-origin viruses exhibited broad genetic and antigenic diversity, and some WS genotypes displayed a closer phyllogenetic relationship to LBM-origin NDV. All NDV were predicted to be lentogenic based upon sequencing of the fusion cleavage site, intracerebral pathogenicity index, or mean death time in embryo assays. The USDA real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay, which targets the matrix gene, identified nearly all of the class II NDV tested but failed to detect class I viruses from both LBM and WS. The close phylogenetic proximity of some WS and LBM loNDV suggests that viral transmission may occur among wild birds and poultry; however, these events may occur unnoticed due to the broad genetic diversity of loNDV, the lentogenic presentation in birds, and the limitations of current rapid diagnostic tools.