Genetic Diversity of Anopheles coustani (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Transmission Foci in Southern and Central Africa
Genetic Diversity of Anopheles coustani (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Transmission Foci in Southern and Central Africa
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DOI：
10.1093/jme/tjaa132
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Norris, Douglas E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ciubotariu, Ilinca I.;Jones, Christine M.;Norris, Douglas E.
尽管撒哈拉以南非洲地区持续开展疟疾控制工作，但疟疾仍然是一个巨大的公共卫生问题。目前的干预措施，例如室内滞留喷洒杀虫剂和使用经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐，旨在针对主要是内食性和嗜内性的关键疟疾病媒。库斯坦按蚊 (Anopheles coustani s.l.) 是一种尚未得到充分研究的疟疾传播媒介，以前被认为主要表现出嗜兽行为。像许多这些未被研究的物种一样，An。库斯塔尼比以前认识到的具有更大的嗜人倾向，通常既是内食性的又是外食性的，并且携带恶性疟原虫子孢子。本研究的目的是探索按蚊的遗传变异。库斯塔尼蚊子以及该物种在赞比亚和刚果民主共和国（刚果民主共和国）高传播环境中促进疟疾寄生虫传播的潜力。形态学鉴定 An.通过 PCR 和测序对这些研究地点户外捕获的库斯塔尼样本进行物种鉴定和血粉来源进行分析，并通过 ELISA 和 qPCR 确定疟疾寄生虫感染。五十安。库斯塔尼公司样本通过线粒体分析得到证实！ DNA 细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I (COI) 和核糖体内转录间隔区 2 (ITS2)。 COI 和 lTS2 序列的最大似然系统发育分析揭示了这个相对较小的区域集合中两个不同的系统发育群体。我们的研究结果表明，An.库斯塔尼群体具有嗜人性和外食性习惯，并且经常接触恶性疟原虫，这表明这种潜在的替代疟疾媒介可能会逃避赞比亚北部和刚果民主共和国南部目前的媒介控制措施。
Despite ongoing malaria control efforts implemented throughout sub-Saharan Africa, malaria remains an enormous public health concern. Current interventions such as indoor residual spraying with insecticides and use of insecticide-treated bed nets are aimed at targeting the key malaria vectors that are primarily endophagic and endophilic. Anopheles coustani s.l., an understudied vector of malaria, is a species previously thought to exhibit mostly zoophilic behavior. Like many of these understudied species, An. coustani has greater anthropophilic tendencies than previously appreciated, is often both endophagic and exophagic, and carries Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.The aim of this study was to explore genetic variation of An. coustani mosquitoes and the potential of this species to contribute to malaria parasite transmission in high transmission settings in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Morphologically identified An. coustani specimens that were trapped outdoors in these study sites were analyzed by PCR and sequencing for species identification and bloodmeal sources, and malaria parasite infection was determined by ELISA and qPCR. Fifty An. coustani s.s. specimens were confirmed by analysis of mitochondria! DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of COI and lTS2 sequences revealed two distinct phylogenetic groups within this relatively small regional collection. Our findings indicate that both An. coustani groups have anthropophilic and exophagic habits and come into frequent contact with P. falciparum, suggesting that this potential alternative malaria vector might elude current vector control measures in northern Zambia and southern DRC.