Cost‐Effectiveness of Translocation Options for a Threatened Waterbird
Cost‐Effectiveness of Translocation Options for a Threatened Waterbird
复制标题
受威胁水鸟易地选择的成本效益
作者：
A. Martínez‐Abraín;H. Regan;Covadonga Viedma;Elena Villuendas;M. Bartolomé;Juan A. Gómez;D. Oro
摘要：近几十年来， 重新引入圈养动物作为一种保护技术越来越受欢迎，但人们对人口统计学因素如何影响重新引入的成功知之甚少。我们认为，与重新引入有关的种群持久性的增加是否足以保证养育和重新安置个体的费用也应得到考虑。我们研究了种群持久性和重新引入凤冠鸟计划的财务成本之间的权衡。由于不可持续的狩猎水平以及栖息地数量和质量的减少，该物种几乎从南欧灭绝。我们使用一个随机的、基于阶段的、单一性别的集合种群模型和特定地点的参数来检验在一段时间内释放每个种群中的幼虫或成虫的人口统计学效应。我们用2000-2009年间放生的人工饲养幼崽重新引入计划中不成功的数据对模型进行了参数化。利用圈养繁殖计划的经济数据，我们还确定了最大化丰度的策略是否与成本最低的策略一致。释放成虫导致的最终丰度略高于释放非生殖幼虫。这两种策略在实现可存活的集合种群方面都同样糟糕，但释放成虫的成本是释放幼虫的2-4倍。为了获得可以存活30年的集合种群，野生种群的繁殖力需要增加到圈养时观察到的值，幼体存活率需要增加到几乎统一。我们建议，最有可能提高这些重要比率的方法是提高放生地点的栖息地质量。
Abstract: Reintroduction of captive‐reared animals has become increasingly popular in recent decades as a conservation technique, but little is known of how demographic factors affect the success of reintroductions. We believe whether the increase in population persistence associated with reintroduction is sufficient to warrant the cost of rearing and relocating individuals should be considered as well. We examined the trade‐off between population persistence and financial cost of a reintroduction program for Crested Coots (Fulica cristata). This species was nearly extirpated from southern Europe due to unsustainable levels of hunting and reduction in amount and quality of habitat. We used a stochastic, stage‐based, single‐sex, metapopulation model with site‐specific parameters to examine the demographic effects of releasing juveniles or adults in each population for a range of durations. We parameterized the model with data from an unsuccessful reintroduction program in which juvenile captive‐bred Crested Coots were released between 2000 and 2009. Using economic data from the captive‐breeding program, we also determined whether the strategy that maximized abundance coincided with the least expensive strategy. Releasing adults resulted in slightly larger final abundance than the release of nonreproductive juveniles. Both strategies were equally poor in achieving a viable metapopulation, but releasing adults was 2–4 times more expensive than releasing juveniles. To obtain a metapopulation that would be viable for 30 years, fecundity in the wild would need to increase to the values observed in captivity and juvenile survival would need to increase to almost unity. We suggest that the most likely way to increase these vital rates is by increasing habitat quality at release sites.