Differential effects of ants as biological control of the coffee berry borer in Puerto Rico
Differential effects of ants as biological control of the coffee berry borer in Puerto Rico
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104666
复制
发表时间：
2021-06-09
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Perfecto, Ivette
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newson, Jannice;Vandermeer, John;Perfecto, Ivette
保护性生物防治包括管理农业生态系统以维持和增强天敌的作用。农林复合系统，如遮荫咖啡系统，已被证明保持高度的生物多样性，包括捕食者和寄生虫的害虫。咖啡小食心虫（Hypothenemus hampei）是分布最广的咖啡害虫之一，经常造成严重的经济损失。据报道，蚂蚁是CBB的天敌，但不同种类的蚂蚁对CBB有不同的影响，有时甚至是相反的影响。在这项研究中，我们研究CBB的损害和生存的咖啡植物，占主导地位的六种不同的蚂蚁，红火蚁，Wasmannia auropunctata，Monomorium floricola，Paratrechina longicornis，Brachymyrmex heeri和Pheidole moerens，在波多黎各。这代表了一个新的天敌群落，因为六个物种中有四个是非本地的。我们假设，大型和优势种，S。invicta通过捕食浆果外的CBB成虫来减少CBB的损害，而较小的物种通过捕食浆果内的繁殖成虫（并且可能还在未成熟阶段，尽管在本研究中没有量化）来减少CBB的存活。结果表明，S. invicta与CBB损伤显著降低相关。与浆果内CBB存活率降低相关的唯一物种是W。auropunctata，而其他人没有任何影响生存。令人惊讶的是，P.moerens和P.longicornis对CBB的损害有显著的积极影响，这表明这些物种只能在没有庇护S的植物上觅食。invicta或W. auropunctata，两种最具攻击性的蚂蚁都与CBB呈负相关。该研究还表明，S。invicta on W. auropunctata通过保护CBB免受W.一旦CBB成虫进入咖啡果，它就会进入auropunctata。
Conservation biological control consists of managing agroecosystem to maintain and enhance the action of natural enemies. Agroforestry systems such as shaded coffee system has been shown to maintain high diversity of organisms, including predators and parasitoids of insect pest. The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, is one of the most widely distributed coffee pests frequently causing severe economic damage. Ants have been reported as natural enemies of the CBB, but different species of ants are known to have different and sometime contrasting effects against the CBB. In this study, we examine the damage and survival of CBB on coffee plants that are dominated by six different species of ants, Solenopsis invicta, Wasmannia auropunctata, Monomorium floricola, Paratrechina longicornis, Brachymyrmex heeri and Pheidole moerens, in Puerto Rico. This represents a novel community of natural enemies since four of the six species are non-native. We hypothesized that the large and dominant species, S. invicta, would reduce the damage of the CBB by preying on adult CBB outside the berries, while the smaller species, would reduce the survival of the CBB by preying on the reproducing adults inside the berries (and potentially also on the immature stages, although not quantified in this study). Results show that S. invicta was associated with significantly reduced CBB damage. The only species associated with reduced survival of CBB inside berries was W. auropunctata, whereas the others were not associated with any effect on survival. Surprisingly, P. moerens and P. longicornis had a significant positive effect on the damage of the CBB suggesting that these species could only forage on plants that did not harbor S. invicta or W. auropunctata, the two most aggressive ants both of which were associated negatively with the CBB. The study also suggests that the negative impact of S. invicta on W. auropunctata indirectly facilitates the CBB by protecting it from pre-dation by W. auropunctata once the adult CBB gains entrance to the coffee berry.