Fine-tuning of ULK1 mRNA and protein levels is required for autophagy oscillation.

Fine-tuning of ULK1 mRNA and protein levels is required for autophagy oscillation.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201605089
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发表时间:
2016-12-19
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cecconi F
Cecconi F
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nazio F;Carinci M;Valacca C;Bielli P;Strappazzon F;Antonioli M;Ciccosanti F;Rodolfo C;Campello S;Fimia GM;Sette C;Bonaldo P;Cecconi F

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ULK 1是自噬启动的关键激酶。Nazio等人证明,E3泛素连接酶NEDD 4L在自噬诱导后不久靶向ULK 1降解,而同时ULK 1 mRNA转录需要引发随后几轮的自噬。自噬是一种细胞内降解途径,其水平受到严格控制以确保细胞内稳态。Unc-51样激酶1(ULK 1)是一种保守的丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶,在自噬的启动中起着重要作用。在这里,我们报告说,自噬进展后,ULK 1蛋白水平特异性下调的E3连接酶NEDD 4L,泛素化ULK 1降解的蛋白酶体。然而,尽管ULK 1蛋白被降解,但ULK 1 mRNA被积极转录。在mTOR依赖性蛋白质合成重新激活后,ULK 1的基础水平迅速恢复,但新合成的ULK 1的活性被mTOR抑制。这使细胞为新一轮可能的自噬刺激做好准备。因此,我们的研究结果将NEDD 4L和ULK 1置于一个关键位置,以控制长期应激期间自噬的振荡激活,从而将该过程的水平保持在安全和生理阈值之下。
ULK1 is a key kinase in autophagy initiation. Nazio et al. demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L targets ULK1 for degradation soon after autophagy induction, whereas a simultaneous ULK1 mRNA transcription is needed for priming subsequent rounds of autophagy. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway whose levels are tightly controlled to secure cell homeostasis. Unc-51–like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a conserved serine–threonine kinase that plays a central role in the initiation of autophagy. Here, we report that upon autophagy progression, ULK1 protein levels are specifically down-regulated by the E3 ligase NEDD4L, which ubiquitylates ULK1 for degradation by the proteasome. However, whereas ULK1 protein is degraded, ULK1 mRNA is actively transcribed. Upon reactivation of mTOR-dependent protein synthesis, basal levels of ULK1 are promptly restored, but the activity of newly synthesized ULK1 is inhibited by mTOR. This prepares the cell for a new possible round of autophagy stimulation. Our results thus place NEDD4L and ULK1 in a key position to control oscillatory activation of autophagy during prolonged stress to keep the levels of this process under a safe and physiological threshold.
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