Human Microphysiological Systems and Organoids as in Vitro Models for Toxicological Studies.

Human Microphysiological Systems and Organoids as in Vitro Models for Toxicological Studies.
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DOI:
10.3389/fpubh.2018.00185
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Truskey GA
Truskey GA
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Truskey GA

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类器官和微生理系统是目前两种在体外重现器官功能的方法。这些系统有可能提供无偏差的功能检测,这对于理解环境毒素的作用机制是必需的。能够复制器官功能以及细胞类型和组织之间相互作用的培养模型,超越了现有的针对单个通路的筛选方法,并提供了一种检测依赖环境的功能的手段。本文综述了类器官培养和微生理系统的现状,并讨论了其应用。虽然很少有研究检测环境污染物,但药物研究证明了这些系统在评估毒性以及作用机制方面的能力。本文综述了类器官和微生理系统的优势和局限性,并指出了构建合适的高容量功能检测所面临的挑战。
Organoids and microphysiological systems represent two current approaches to reproduce organ function in vitro. These systems can potentially provide unbiased assays of function which are needed to understand the mechanism of action of environmental toxins. Culture models that replicate organ function and interactions among cell types and tissues move beyond existing screens that target individual pathways and provide a means to assay context-dependent function. The current state of organoid cultures and microphysiological systems is reviewed and applications discussed. While few studies have examined environmental pollutants, studies with drugs demonstrate the power of these systems to assess toxicity as well as mechanism of action. Strengths and limitations of organoids and microphysiological systems are reviewed and challenges are identified to produce suitable high capacity functional assays.
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