The Carnian Pluvial Episode and the first global appearance of amber
The Carnian Pluvial Episode and the first global appearance of amber
复制标题
DOI：
10.1144/jgs2017-143
复制
发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
L. Seyfullah;G. Roghi;J. Corso;A. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Seyfullah;G. Roghi;J. Corso;A. Schmidt
琥珀（化石树脂）在整个化石记录中并不常见，以前认为全球唯一重要的沉积物发生在白垩纪，始新世，渐新世和中新世时期。最近发现的晚三叠世（卡尼期）琥珀突出了一个显着更古老的沉积物。在这里，我们回顾这些琥珀，似乎符合卡尼雨事件，一个时间间隔的主要气候变化和生物营业额。大部分琥珀产于北纬5°至30°之间的古纬度带，包括意大利、奥地利、瑞士、匈牙利、西班牙和亚利桑那州（美国）的矿床，只有一个例外来自南部非洲的莱索托（c。南纬40度）。大多数矿床都很小，而且是异地形成的，主要的例外是在白云岩（意大利）的古土壤中发现的原生-准原生琥珀存款。在其中一些矿床中，甚至有直接证据表明产生防腐树脂的植物来源。在琥珀中发现的最古老的生物是来自意大利白云岩的卡尼亚水滴，包括节肢动物和微生物。琥珀在不同地区和同一时间间隔内的发生表明了一个广泛的压力植物群，并在卡尼期雨事件的陆地生态系统中的主要生物营业额。
Amber (fossil resin) is not common throughout the fossil record, and previously the only globally significant deposits were thought to occur during the Cretaceous, Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene periods. Recent finds of Late Triassic (Carnian) ambers highlight a significantly older set of deposits. Here we review these ambers that appear coincident with the Carnian Pluvial Episode, a time interval of major climate change and biotic turnover. Much of the amber is found in a palaeolatitudinal belt between 5° and 30° N, and covers Italian, Austrian, Swiss, Hungarian, Spanish and Arizona (USA) deposits, with one exception from Lesotho, Southern Africa (c. 40° S). Most deposits are small and allochthonous, with the major exception of the autochthonous–parautochthonous amber deposit found as droplets in a palaeosol from the Dolomites (Italy). In some of these deposits there is even direct evidence of the source plants that produced the preserved resin. The oldest confirmed organisms found preserved in amber are from Carnian droplets from the Dolomites in Italy and include arthropods and microorganisms. The occurrence of amber in different localities and within the same time interval suggests a widespread stressed flora, and major biological turnover in the terrestrial ecosystems during the Carnian Pluvial Episode.