Long-term Residential Exposure to Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Risk
Long-term Residential Exposure to Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Risk
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DOI：
10.1097/ede.0b013e3182949ae7
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Brauer, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hystad, Perry;Demers, Paul A.;Brauer, Michael
背景：越来越多的证据表明空气污染会导致肺癌。尽管如此，问题仍然存在暴露的错误分类，空气污染的成分负责，和肺癌的组织学亚型，可能produced.Methods：我们调查了肺癌的发病率与长期暴露于三种环境空气污染物和接近主要道路，使用加拿大人口为基础的病例对照研究。我们比较了1994年至1997年加拿大8个省的2,390例经组织学证实的肺癌病例和3,507例对照人群。我们开发了时空模型，为整个国家估计每年的住宅暴露于细颗粒物（PM2.5），二氧化氮（NO2），臭氧（O-3）超过20年的暴露期。我们进行了亚分析，在城市中心，使用来自固定地点的空气污染监测器的曝光，并检查交通接近的措施。分层逻辑回归模型纳入了一套全面的个人和地理协变量。肺癌发病率的增加（表示为完全校正的比值比[OR]）为1.29（95%置信区间= 0.95-1.76），PM2.5增加10个单位（μ g/m（3））、1.11（1.00-1.24）（NO2（ppb）增加10个单位）和1.09（0.85-1.39）（O-3（ppb）增加10个单位）。基于城市监测的子分析总体上支持了国家结果，每增加10 ppb，NO2（OR = 1.34; 1.07-1.69）的关联更大。未观察到剂量-反应趋势，也未发现特定组织学癌症亚型的明确关系。有建议的风险增加，在那些生活在100米的高速公路，但不是那些生活在附近的主要roads.Conclusions：肺癌的发病率在加拿大这项研究中增加最强烈的NO2和PM2.5暴露。需要进一步研究O-3对肺癌发展的可能影响。
Background: There is accumulating evidence that air pollution causes lung cancer. Still, questions remain about exposure misclassification, the components of air pollution responsible, and the histological subtypes of lung cancer that might be produced.Methods: We investigated lung cancer incidence in relation to long-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants and proximity to major roads, using a Canadian population-based case-control study. We compared 2,390 incident, histologically confirmed lung cancer cases with 3,507 population controls in eight Canadian provinces from 1994 to 1997. We developed spatiotemporal models for the whole country to estimate annual residential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O-3) over a 20-year exposure period. We carried out a subanalysis in urban centers, using exposures derived from fixed-site air pollution monitors, and also examined traffic proximity measures. Hierarchical logistic regression models incorporated a comprehensive set of individual and geographic covariates.Results: The increase in lung cancer incidence (expressed as fully adjusted odds ratios [ORs]) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 0.95-1.76) with a ten-unit increase in PM2.5 (mu g/m(3)), 1.11 (1.00-1.24) with a ten-unit increase in NO2 (ppb), and 1.09 (0.85-1.39) with a ten-unit increase in O-3 (ppb). The urban monitor-based subanalyses generally supported the national results, with larger associations for NO2 (OR = 1.34; 1.07-1.69) per 10 ppb increase. No dose-response trends were observed, and no clear relationships were found for specific histological cancer subtypes. There was the suggestion of increased risk among those living within 100 m of highways, but not among those living near major roads.Conclusions: Lung cancer incidence in this Canadian study was increased most strongly with NO2 and PM2.5 exposure. Further investigation is needed into possible effects of O-3 on development of lung cancer.