Structural and process features in three types of child care for children from high and low income families
Structural and process features in three types of child care for children from high and low income families
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecresq.2007.06.003
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gennetian, Lisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dowsett, Chantelle J.;Huston, Aletha C.;Gennetian, Lisa
我们使用NICHD早期儿童保育和青少年发展研究（SECCYD）的观察结果来比较儿童保育中心、家庭儿童保育之家（家庭环境中的非亲属护理）和亲属护理2岁、3岁和4.5岁儿童的结构和过程特征。在结构和照顾者特征上的照顾类型差异在各个年龄段都是一致的：中心的儿童与成人比例更高，群体更大；中心的看护人员受过更好的教育，在幼儿期接受过更多的培训，而且在育儿方面没有那么传统的观念。与其他类型的护理相比，中心的儿童经历了更多的认知刺激，与成年人的语言互动更少，与成年人的负面互动更少，看电视的时间也更少。与相对环境相比，在中心和家庭托儿所，孩子们与同龄人进行了更多的积极和消极的互动，花了更多的时间在过渡和空闲上。研究发现，护理的结构特征与家庭收入呈曲线关系，特别是在护理人员的教育和培训方面。与此相反，照料过程的度量随家庭收入的增加而单调上升。与低收入家庭的孩子相比，来自高收入家庭的孩子经历了更多的敏感照顾，更多的认知刺激，以及更少的与成年人的负面互动。我们通过将结构特征和护理人员培训与不同类型护理中观察到的认知和社会过程联系起来来解释这些发现。未来旨在了解儿童保育对儿童行为影响的研究可能会受益于对儿童保育经历更细致入微的描述。Elsevier Inc.出版。
We use observations from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and, Youth Development (SECCYD) to compare structural and process characteristics of child care centers, family child care homes (nonrelative care in a home setting) and care by relatives for 2-, 3- and 4.5-year-old children. Type of care differences in structural and caregiver characteristics were consistent across ages: centers had higher child-to-adult ratios and bigger groups; centers had caregivers with better education, more training in early childhood, and less traditional beliefs about child rearing. Children in centers experienced more cognitive stimulation, less frequent language interactions with adults, less frequent negative interactions with adults, and less television viewing than did those in other types of care. In centers and family child care homes compared to relative settings, children engaged in more positive and negative interactions with peers and spent more time in transition and unoccupied. Curvilinear associations were found between structural features of care and family income, particularly for caregiver education and training. In contrast, process measures of caregiving rose monotonically with family income. Children from high-income families experienced more sensitive care, more cognitive stimulation, and fewer negative interactions with adults than did those from low-income families. We interpret the findings by linking the structural features and caregiver training to the cognitive and social processes observed in different types of care. Future research designed to understand the influences of child care on children's behavior might benefit from using this more nuanced description of child care experiences. Published by Elsevier Inc.