Tourism and citizenship
Tourism and citizenship
复制标题
旅游和公民身份
DOI：
10.1080/10286639809358077
复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Rojek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Rojek
我们不认为旅游是一种公民权利，直到我们的旅行自由受到威胁。然而，在1958年，美国最高法院裁定，“行动自由是我们价值体系的基础......它可能与一个人的心密切相关，就像他选择吃什么、穿什么或读什么一样”（Wolf 1989：14）。尽管如此，在迅速发展的旅游研究领域中，很少发现公民身份问题。正如Craik（1991）所指出的，旅游研究中的权利和义务问题通常狭隘地集中在经济问题上。在公共政策一级，战略问题集中于旅游业在刺激经济增长、尽量增加外汇收入和创造就业机会方面的作用。在民族国家层面上制定战略和政策问题也是一种主导趋势。相对而言，对国家之间的旅游关系以及旅游业对全球状况的生态和政治影响的研究很少。旅游业结构的若干变化正在结合起来改变这种状况。必须提出三点。首先，在过去的三十年里，旅游业在国家和国际生活中的重要性急剧增加。自20世纪60年代初以来，世界各地的游客数量每年以10%的速度增长。许多评论家预测，到2000年，旅游业将成为世界上最大的产业（Kahn 1980：16）。旅游业是战时以外最大规模的人口流动（Greenwood 1972：81）。世界各地的过境人数增加了旅游业在民族文化中的突出地位。
We do not think of tourism as a citizenship right until our freedom to travel is threatened. Yet in 1958, the United States supreme court ruled that'freedom of movement is basic to our scheme of values... and may be as close to the heart of the individual as the choice of what he eats, or wears of reads'(Wolf 1989: 14). Despite this, it is rare to find the question of citizenship raised in the rapidly growing field of Tourist Studies. As Craik (1991) argues, questions of rights and obligations in tourist studies have usually focused narrowly on economic issues. At the level of public policy, strategic questions have concentrated upon the role of tourism in stimulating economic growth, maximizing foreign exchange earnings and creating jobs. There is also the dominant tendency of formulating questions of strategy and policy at the level of the nation-state. Comparatively little research has been conducted into tourist relations between states and the ecological and political effects of tourism on global conditions. Several changes in the structure of tourism are combining to transform this state of affairs. Three points must be made. Firstly, the prominence of tourism in national and international life has increased dramatically in the last thirty years. Since the early 1960s the number of tourists at large in the world has risen by 10% every year. By 2000, many commentators predict that tourism will be the world's biggest industry (Kahn 1980: 16). Tourism represents the largest movement of a mass population outside wartime (Greenwood 1972: 81). The sheer volume of people in transit around the world has increased the prominence of tourism in national culture.