Metabolomics Enables the Structure Elucidation of a Diatom Sex Pheromone
Metabolomics Enables the Structure Elucidation of a Diatom Sex Pheromone
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.201208175
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Vyverman, Wim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillard, Jeroen;Frenkel, Johannes;Vyverman, Wim
硅藻是单细胞光合生物，通常在浮游和底栖水生生态系统中占主导地位的初级生产。[1，2]尽管它们在生物圈中发挥着核心作用，但人们对它们的信息素化学和它们的生命周期知之甚少，其特征是无性种群增长与有性生殖的短暂爆发交替。[3，4]硅藻在微藻中是独特的，因为有性生殖仅可能低于物种特异性的性大小阈值（SST）。[5]这种SST与硅藻特有的细胞分裂密切相关。由于它们坚硬的生物矿化细胞壁，有丝分裂导致尺寸减小（图1）。[6]大小通常通过有性生殖恢复。在萌发时，合子产生一个大的初始细胞，开始新一轮的营养增殖。[6，7]在主要为浮游中心硅藻的祖先群体中，环境因素诱导SST以下细胞的减数分裂，导致卵子和鞭毛精子的形成。[8]然而，在最年轻和物种最丰富的羽纹针硅藻中，[9]它们主要采用底栖生活方式，是二倍体细胞的配对触发了同配子体的产生。[6]虽然SST是已知的控制羽状硅藻的交配能力和间接的证据表明，信息素的参与，交配细胞的分化和信息素的身份的监管原则仍然未知。[6，10]我们研究了Seminavis robusta中与有性生殖相关的生理和代谢变化，Seminavis robusta是研究羽纹硅藻生命周期的模型，目的是阐明其信息素化学。[7，11]交配严格依赖于大小，狭义SST为（51.6）
Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that often dominate primary production in pelagic and benthic aquatic ecosystems.[1, 2] Despite their central role in the biosphere, little is known about their pheromone chemistry and their lifecycle, which is characterized by asexual population growth alternating with short bursts of sexual reproduction.[3, 4] Diatoms are unique among microalgae in that sexual reproduction is only possible below a species-specific sexual size threshold (SST).[5] This SST is intimately linked to the characteristic cell division of diatoms. Due to their rigid biomineralized cell wall, mitotic division results in a reduction in size (Figure1).[6] Size is restored typically by sexual reproduction. Upon germination, a zygote generates a large initial cell, which begins a new round of vegetative proliferation.[6, 7] In the ancestral group of predominantly planktonic centric diatoms, environmental cues induce meiosis in cells below the SST, resulting in the formation of eggs and flagellated sperm.[8] However, in the youngest and most species-rich pennate raphid diatoms,[9] which have adopted a primarily benthic lifestyle, it is the pairing of diploid cells that triggers the production of isogametes.[6] Although the SST is known to control the mating capacity of pennate diatoms and indirect evidence suggests the involvement of pheromones, the regulatory principles underlying the differentiation of mating cells and the identity of the pheromones remain unknown.[6, 10]We studied the physiological and metabolic changes associated with sexual reproduction in Seminavis robusta, a model for studies of pennate diatom lifecycles, with the goal to elucidate its pheromone chemistry.[7, 11] Mating is strictly size-dependent with a narrowly defined SST of (51.6 Æ