PREDICTION OF FEMORAL IMPACT FORCES IN FALLS ON THE HIP
PREDICTION OF FEMORAL IMPACT FORCES IN FALLS ON THE HIP
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DOI：
10.1115/1.2895414
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发表时间：
1991-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
MCMAHON, TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ROBINOVITCH, SN;HAYES, WC;MCMAHON, TA
从站立高度坠落时髋部骨折风险的一个主要决定因素是撞击时施加在股骨上的力。这个力是由髋部的冲击速度和接触时身体的有效质量、刚度和阻尼决定的。我们开发了一个简单的实验（骨盆释放实验）来测量当施加在髋关节侧面的力的阶变时，身体的有效刚度和阻尼。对14名受试者进行的骨盆释放实验结果表明，增加臀部软组织厚度和在放松状态下撞击地面都可以降低身体的有效刚度，从而降低峰值冲击力。我们的跌落冲击力预测与体外股骨骨折强度测量的比较表明，任何从站立高度跌落对大转子产生直接的外侧冲击都可能导致老年髋关节骨折。
A major determinant of the risk of hip fracture in a fall from standing height is the force applied to the femur at impact. This force is determined by the impact velocity of the hip and the effective mass, stiffness, and damping of the body at the moment of contact. We have developed a simple experiment (the pelvis release experiment) to measure the effective stiffness and damping of the body when a step change in force is applied to the lateral aspect of the hip. Results from pelvis release experiments with 14 human subjects suggest that both increased soft tissue thickness over the hip and impacting the ground in a relaxed state can decrease the effective stiffness of the body, and subsequently reduce peak impact forces. Comparison between our fall impact force predictions and in-vitro measures of femoral fracture strength suggest that any fall from standing height producing direct, lateral impact on the greater trochanter can fracture the elderly hip.