Effect of group selection on the evolution of altruistic behavior
Effect of group selection on the evolution of altruistic behavior
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DOI：
10.1006/jtbi.2003.3144
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发表时间：
2003-01-07
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Tsuji, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ono, S;Misawa, K;Tsuji, K
通过蒙特卡罗模拟，我们研究了群体选择对由单一基因座控制的利他特质的影响。利他性对持有者是不利的，但对其他人是有利的。群体选择是指群体间因基因型差异而产生的异群繁殖率差异。我们发现，模拟再现了许多以前的研究结果。另外，当突变率和迁移率足够小时，我们观察到两个新现象：（1）当群体选择的作用与个体选择的作用一样大时，基因频率是相当不稳定的。我们发现了两个局部稳定状态，A-和S-状态。当集合种群处于A状态时，利他主义者几乎是固定的。相反，当处于S状态时，利他主义者几乎迷失了方向。集合种群从一种状态迅速转移到另一种状态。我们称这种现象为S-A转换。(2)当突变率和迁移率足够小时，我们发现了一种非常强大的机制，可以阻止非利他主义者的扩张，无论个体选择系数有多强。这是由一种现象引起的，我们称之为SA分裂，在这种现象中，大多数否认都是由利他主义者或非利他主义者确定的;因此，集合种群的相关性几乎等于1。我们发现SA分裂在S-A转变中起着重要的作用。我们定义一个参数d来查看SA分裂的程度。我们发现，d是大致成正比的突变率和deme大小。(C)2003爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
By using a Monte Carlo simulation, we studied the effect of group selection on the altruistic trait that is controlled by a single locus. The altruistic trait is disadvantageous to the bearer but advantageous to the others. Group selection is defined as the differential reproductive rate among denies caused by genotypic difference among demes. We found that the simulation reproduced many results of former studies. Additionally, when the mutation rate and the migration rate are small enough, we observed two new phenomena: (1) When the effect of the group selection is as large as that of the individual selection, the gene frequency is quite unstable. We found two local stable states, the A- and the S-state. When the metapopulation is in the A-state, altruists are nearly fixed. When in the S-state, on the contrary, altruists are almost lost. The metapopulation shifted quickly from one state to another. We call this phenomenon as the S-A transition. (2) When the mutation rate and migration rate are small enough we found an extremely strong mechanism to stop the non-altruists from expanding no matter how strong the individual selection coefficient is. This is caused by a phenomenon, which we call SA splitting, in which most denies are fixed either by altruists or non-altruists; thus, the relatedness of the metapopulation becomes nearly equal to one. We show SA splitting plays an important role in S-A transition. We define a parameter d to see the degree of SA splitting. We found that d is roughly proportional to mutation rate and deme size. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.