The Shocking Power Sources of LINERs
The Shocking Power Sources of LINERs
复制标题
LINER 令人震惊的电源
作者：
M. Molina;M. Eracleous;A. Barth;D. Maoz;J. Runnoe;L. Ho;J. Shields;J. Walsh
大多数低电离核发射线区域（liner）都有吸积率非常低的超大质量黑洞。然而，吸积流不能产生足够的电离光子来驱动在~ 100pc尺度上发射的发射线，因此需要额外的电源。我们给出并分析了哈勃空间望远镜在空间分辨率为≤9 pc尺度上的三个邻近发光星系的光谱。目标有一个吸积黑洞的多个指标，以及一个缺乏电离光子预算。我们测量了诊断发射线比率作为与原子核距离的函数，并将它们与不同激发机制的模型进行了比较：激波、吸积黑洞的光电离以及年轻或年老热恒星的光电离。我们还考虑了发射线气体的运动学，这是由发射线的宽度和位移所揭示的。我们的结论是，在具有低亮度活动核的liner中，射流或其他流出物的冲击对于激发核内和核周围的气体至关重要，正如其他作者所建议的那样。最好地描述我们的目标的物理模型包括一个低亮度、吸积动力的活动核，它使星系中心约20%内的气体光解离，以及距离更远的气体的激波激发。
The majority of low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) harbor supermassive black holes with very low accretion rates. However, the accretion flows do not produce enough ionizing photons to power the emission lines emitted on scales of ∼100 pc, and therefore additional sources of power are required. We present and analyze Hubble Space Telescope spectra of three nearby luminous LINERs that are spatially resolved on scales of ≲9 pc. The targets have multiple indicators of an accreting black hole, as well as a deficient ionizing photon budget. We measure diagnostic emission line ratios as a function of distance from the nucleus and compare them to models for different excitation mechanisms: shocks, photoionization by the accreting black hole, and photoionization by young or old hot stars. We also consider the kinematics of the line-emitting gas, as revealed by the widths and shifts of the emission lines. We conclude that, in LINERs with low-luminosity active nuclei, shocks by jets or other outflows are crucial in exciting the gas in and around the nucleus, as suggested by other authors. The physical model that best describes our targets comprises a low-luminosity, accretion-powered active nucleus that photoionizes the gas within ∼20 pc of the galaxy center, and shock excitation of the gas at larger distances.
DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/201322062
发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
影响因子：
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作者：
R. Singh;G. Ven;K. Jahnke;M. Lyubenova;J. Falcón-Barroso;J. Falcón-Barroso;João Alves;R. C. Fernandes;L. Galbany;R. García-Benito;B. Husemann;R. Kennicutt;R. Marino;I. Márquez;J. Masegosa;D. Mast;A. Pasquali;Sebastián F. Sánchez;J. Walcher;Vivienne Wild;L. Wisotzki;B. Ziegler
通讯作者：
R. Singh;G. Ven;K. Jahnke;M. Lyubenova;J. Falcón-Barroso;J. Falcón-Barroso;João Alves;R. C. Fernandes;L. Galbany;R. García-Benito;B. Husemann;R. Kennicutt;R. Marino;I. Márquez;J. Masegosa;D. Mast;A. Pasquali;Sebastián F. Sánchez;J. Walcher;Vivienne Wild;L. Wisotzki;B. Ziegler