The influence of synoptic wind on land–sea breezes

The influence of synoptic wind on land–sea breezes
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天气风对陆海风的影响

DOI:
10.1002/qj.4552
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Iipponen, Juho
Iipponen, Juho
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Allouche, Mohammad;Bou‐Zeid, Elie;Iipponen, Juho

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特别具有挑战性的类的非均匀表面是那些强烈的二次环流产生的,潜在的主导流动动力学。在这项研究中,我们专注于陆海空风(LSB)环流造成的地面热力对比,在天气压力强迫增加的存在。热力强迫和天气强迫的相对重要性和方向是通过两个无量纲参数来衡量的:非均匀性Richardson数(衡量地转风和浮力引起的对流的相对强度),以及海岸和地转风之间的角度α。大涡模拟揭示了动力学相对于α不对称的各种区域的出现。沿着-海岸情况下,无论地转风强度如何,都会产生类似于无天气背景情况下的深LSB。跨海岸的模拟显示出一个环流圈,其高度随着天气强迫的增加而减小。然而,在模拟的最高天气风下,环流圈被海陆风平流带走,而对于陆海空情况,浅层环流持续存在。尺度分析将内部参数Q海岸(净海岸体积通量)和q海岸(净海岸平流运动热通量)与外部输入参数联系起来,得到一个简洁的海岸通量模型,该模型也有助于解释所识别的LSB的物理含义。最后,垂直剖面的海岸-正常速度和海岸-平流热通量的使用,与k均值聚类的帮助下,独立的LSB分为四个制度(规范,海驱动,陆驱动,平流),证实了我们的视觉分类。
Particularly challenging classes of heterogeneous surfaces are ones where strong secondary circulations are generated, potentially dominating the flow dynamics. In this study, we focus on land–sea breeze (LSB) circulations resulting from surface thermal contrasts, in the presence of increasing synoptic pressure forcing. The relative importance and orientation of the thermal and synoptic forcings are measured through two dimensionless parameters: a heterogeneity Richardson number (measuring the relative strength of geostrophic wind and convection induced by buoyancy), and the angleαbetween the shore and geostrophic wind. Large‐eddy simulations reveal the emergence of various regimes where the dynamics are asymmetric with respect toα. Along‐shore cases result in deep LSBs similar to the scenario with no synoptic background, irrespective of the geostrophic wind strength. Across‐shore simulations exhibit a circulation cell that decreases in height with increasing synoptic forcing. However, at the highest synoptic winds simulated, the circulation cell is advected away with sea‐to‐land winds, while a shallow circulation persists for land‐to‐sea cases. Scaling analysis that relates the internal parametersQshore(net shore volumetric flux) andqshore(net shore advected kinematic heat flux) to the external input parameters results in a succinct model of the shore fluxes that also helps explain the physical implications of the identified LSBs. Finally, the vertical profiles of the shore‐normal velocity and shore‐advected heat flux are used, with the aid ofk‐means clustering, to independently classify the LSBs into four regimes (canonical, sea‐driven, land‐driven, and advected), corroborating our visual categorization.
书评:Dutton, J. A. 1976:《不停的风,大气运动理论简介》,纽约:McGraw-Hill xv+579 页,20.75 英镑。
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