Nonpoint source pollution, environmental quality, and ecosystem health in China: introduction to the special section.
Nonpoint source pollution, environmental quality, and ecosystem health in China: introduction to the special section.
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2011.0170
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Minghua Zhang;Jianming Xu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Minghua Zhang;Jianming Xu
中国经济和工业的快速增长，其国内生产总值在过去15年中增长了10倍，使数百万中国公民摆脱了贫困，但同时也导致了严重的环境问题。世界卫生组织估计，中国每年约有240万人死于环境质量恶化。中国大部分的土壤、空气和水都受到重金属和有机化合物等外源性污染物的污染。此外，土壤质量因侵蚀、荒漠化和养分流失而退化。空气质量进一步受到颗粒物的影响，特别是在人口稠密的地区。研究表明，中国80%的城市河流受到严重污染，水质差是中国农村贫困的主要原因。经济和工业的增长也大大增加了对适当质量水源的需求;然而，污染却大大减少了可用水资源的数量。荒漠化和水资源减少威胁着未来的粮食安全。近年来，中国政府加大了扭转这些趋势和改善生态系统健康的努力。Web of Science数据库显示，近年来有关中国环境科学的文章比例急剧增加。此外，环境科学论文发表量排名前25位的机构全部在中国。这期特刊包括七篇文章，重点关注中国的非点源污染、环境质量和生态系统健康。主要的问题，这些研究的结果，在这个导言中进行了讨论。
The rapid economic and industrial growth of China, exemplified by a 10-fold increase in its gross domestic product in the past 15 years, has lifted millions of its citizens out of poverty but has simultaneously led to severe environmental problems. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 2.4 million deaths in China per year could be attributed to degraded environmental quality. Much of China's soil, air, and water are polluted by xenobiotic contaminants, such as heavy metals and organic compounds. In addition, soil quality is degraded by erosion, desertification, and nutrient runoff. Air quality is further compromised by particulates, especially in heavily populated areas. Research shows that 80% of urban rivers in China are significantly polluted, and poor water quality is a key contributor to poverty in rural China. Economic and industrial growth has also greatly expanded the demand for water sources of appropriate quality; however, pollution has markedly diminished usable water resource quantity. Desertification and diminishing water resources threaten future food security. In recent years, China's government has increased efforts to reverse these trends and to improve ecosystem health. The Web of Science database showed that the percentage of articles on China devoting to environmental sciences increased dramatically in recent years. In addition, the top 25 institutes publishing the papers in environmental sciences were all in China. This special issue includes seven articles focusing on nonpoint source pollution, environmental quality, and ecosystem health in China. The major issues, and results of these studies, are discussed in this introduction.