Gazemarks: gaze-based visual placeholders to ease attention switching
Gazemarks: gaze-based visual placeholders to ease attention switching
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DOI：
10.1145/1753326.1753646
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发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dagmar Kern;P. Marshall;A. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dagmar Kern;P. Marshall;A. Schmidt
许多任务需要注意力转换。例如，在一张纸上搜索信息，然后将此信息输入到另一张纸上。在纸上，我们看到人们用手指或物体作为占位符。使用这些简单的辅助工具，可以简化和加快在显示器之间切换注意力的过程。对于大型或多个视觉显示器，我们有许多任务，其中两个注意区域都在屏幕上，并且使用手指作为占位符是不合适的。用户处理这种情况的一种方法是使用鼠标并突出显示当前的焦点。然而，这也有其局限性--特别是在没有定点设备的环境中。我们的方法是利用用户的凝视位置来提供视觉占位符。用户在屏幕上注视的最后一个区域（在将注意力移开之前）被突出显示;我们将这种视觉提醒称为Gazemark。当返回到该显示屏时，地标可简化定向和中断任务的恢复。在本文中，我们报告了一项研究，其中使用地标的有效性进行了调查，特别是我们展示了他们如何可以缓解注意力转换。我们的研究结果表明，更快的完成时间恢复简单的视觉搜索任务时，使用这种技术。本文分析了实现的Gazemarks的相关参数，并讨论了这种方法的一些进一步的应用领域。
Many tasks require attention switching. For example, searching for information on one sheet of paper and then entering this information onto another one. With paper we see that people use fingers or objects as placeholders. Using these simple aids, the process of switching attention between displays can be simplified and speeded up. With large or multiple visual displays we have many tasks where both attention areas are on the screen and where using a finger as a placeholder is not suitable. One way users deal with this is to use the mouse and highlight their current focus. However, this also has its limitations -- in particular in environments where there is no pointing device. Our approach is to utilize the user's gaze position to provide a visual placeholder. The last area where a user fixated on the screen (before moving their attention away) is highlighted; we call this visual reminder a Gazemark. Gazemarks ease orientation and the resumption of the interrupted task when coming back to this display. In this paper we report on a study where the effectiveness of using Gazemarks was investigated, in particular we show how they can ease attention switching. Our results show faster completion times for a resumed simple visual search task when using this technique. The paper analyzes relevant parameters for the implementation of Gazemarks and discusses some further application areas for this approach.