Transient forces generated by projectiles on variable quality mouthguards monitored by instrumented impact testing
Transient forces generated by projectiles on variable quality mouthguards monitored by instrumented impact testing
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通过仪器冲击测试监测射弹在不同质量护齿套上产生的瞬态力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
A. Greasley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Warnet;A. Greasley
(a)确定当安装在弹簧上的模拟上颌骨受到冲击时发生的力-时间轨迹；(b)研究质素不同的护齿器是否对这些力-时间痕迹有显著影响；(c)试图将物理事件与所记录的力-时间轨迹的轮廓联系起来。方法-模拟下颌，由陶瓷牙齿插入坚硬的橡胶弓，用复合颌骨加固，安装各种护齿器，作为先前轮转研究的一部分。临床评估区分了好、坏和差的护齿器，并将它们分别安装在颌骨上，然后在预计会产生牙齿骨折的条件下进行仪器冲击测试。对这些撞击事件的力-时间轨迹进行了记录。结果：弹簧安装法在力-时轨迹上有两个明显的峰。最初的一个与惯性效应有关，并且正如预期的那样，随着撞击器速度的增加，其幅度增加。第二个峰显示的特征与所选择的护齿器的差异有关。结论：在锥形端冲击器内使用力垫圈，可以记录在装有可变质量护齿的弹簧模拟颚的冲击过程中的力-时间痕迹。弹簧安装系统引起一个初始的惯性峰值，随后是第二个峰值，一旦弹簧安装已完全压缩。良好的配合护套，使大多数牙齿保持完整，导致高刚度目标，反过来在冲击器中产生高反作用力。如果省略弹簧安装，则两个峰值结合在一起以提供更高的反作用力。力-时间轨迹为评估整体护齿性能和撞击过程中的个别事件提供了一些潜力。在撞击事件中，具有良好固位性的护齿器仍然附着在颌骨上，并有助于保持目标的结构完整性。这反过来又在力-时间轨迹的第二部分产生了高力。在第二部分的测试中，在碰撞中脱落并允许牙齿断裂的护套显示出较低的力。测得的力谱与观察到的牙套临床质量有一定的定量支持和一致性。
Objectives—(a) To determine the force-time trace that occurs when a spring mounted simulated upper jaw is impacted; (b) to examine if mouthguards of variable quality have significant influence on such force-time traces; (c) to attempt to relate physical events to the profile of the force-time traces recorded. Methods—A simulated jaw, consisting of ceramic teeth inserted into a hard rubber arch reinforced with a composite jawbone, was fitted with various mouthguards as part of a previous round robin study. A clinical assessment distinguished good, bad, and poor mouthguards, and these were each fitted to the jaw, which was then submitted to instrumental impact tests under conditions expected to produce tooth fractures. The force-time trace was recorded for such impact events. Results—The spring mounting method caused two distinct peaks in the force-time trace. The initial one was related to inertia effects and showed an increase in magnitude with impactor velocity as expected. The second peak showed features that were related to the differences in the mouthguards selected. Conclusions—The use of a force washer within a conical ended impactor enabled force-time traces to be recorded during the impact of a spring mounted simulated jaw fitted with mouthguards of variable quality. The spring mounting system causes an initial inertial peak followed by a second peak once the spring mount has fully compressed. Good fitting guards, which keep most teeth intact, result in high stiffness targets that in turn generate high reaction forces in the impactor. If the spring mounting is omitted, the two peaks are combined to give even higher reaction forces. The force-time trace offers some potential for assessing both overall mouthguard performance and individual events during the impact sequence. Mouthguards with good retention to the jaw remained attached during the impact event and helped to preserve the structural integrity of the target. This in turn developed high forces in the second part of the force-time trace. Guards that detached during impact and allowed tooth fractures showed lower forces in the second part of the test. The force profile measured offered some quantitative support to, and agreement with, the observed clinical quality of the mouthguards.