Body Composition and Muscle Characteristics of Division I Track and Field Athletes.
Body Composition and Muscle Characteristics of Division I Track and Field Athletes.
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DOI：
10.1519/jsc.0000000000001203
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Roelofs EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hirsch KR;Smith-Ryan AE;Trexler ET;Roelofs EJ
本研究旨在探讨田径运动员专项身体成分与肌肉特性，并评估一年后身体成分的变化。将60名大学生田径运动员（平均值±标准差，年龄19.2 ± 1.4岁，身高174.6 ± 9.0cm，体重71.5 ± 12.5kg）分为6个项目组。使用双能X线吸收法评估总体和局部身体成分测量结果。用B型超声对股外侧肌进行全景扫描，以确定肌肉横截面积（mCSA）和回声强度（EI）。一年后，在返回的运动员（n=33）的子集重复身体成分测量。投掷运动员的绝对脂肪量（FM; 21.6 ± 11.0 kg）、总体重（89.7 ± 17.4 kg）、脂肪百分比（23.6 ± 7.8）和躯干脂肪（9.4 ± 5.8 kg）显著高于其他项目组（p<0.05）。投掷运动员的绝对瘦体重最高（LM; 64.2 ±11.7 kg; p>0.05），但相对于体重，LM相对较低（0.72 ± 0.08 kg; p<0.05）。尽管FM较高，投掷运动员的EI较低（63.4 ± 5.2 a.u）。一年后，所有事件组的相对臂LM略有增加（p<0.05）。除了整体和局部身体组成的肌肉特征的评价可能是有价值的，以提高性能，预防损伤，并评估健康风险。通过适当的训练，田径运动员可能能够最大限度地减少LM的损失和FM的增加。
The purpose of this study was to evaluate event-specific body composition and muscle characteristics of track and field athletes, and to assess body composition changes after one year. Sixty collegiate track and field athletes (Mean ± SD; Age = 19.2 ± 1.4 yrs, Height = 174.6 ± 9.0 cm, Weight = 71.5 ± 12.5 kg) were stratified into six event groups. Total and regional body composition measurements were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A panoramic scan of the vastus lateralis was taken with B-mode ultrasound to determine muscle cross sectional area (mCSA) and echo intensity (EI). Body composition measurements were repeated a year later in a subset of returning athletes (n=33). Throwers had significantly more absolute fat mass (FM; 21.6 ± 11.0 kg), total body mass (89.7 ± 17.4 kg), percent fat (23.6 ± 7.8) and trunk fat (9.4 ± 5.8 kg) than all other event groups (p<0.05). Throwers had the most absolute lean mass (LM; 64.2 ±11.7 kg; p>0.05), but relative to body mass had relatively less LM (0.72 ± 0.08 kg; p<0.05). Despite high FM, throwers had lower EI (63.4 ± 5.2 a.u). After one year, relative armLM increased slightly in all event groups (p<0.05). Evaluation of muscle characteristics in addition to total and regional body composition may be valuable for improving performance, injury prevention, and assessing health risks. With appropriate training, track and field athletes may be able to minimize losses in LM and gains in FM between seasons.