Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans-Oxidative Stress and Bioactive Compounds-in Almonds are Affected by Deficit Irrigation in Almond Trees
Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans-Oxidative Stress and Bioactive Compounds-in Almonds are Affected by Deficit Irrigation in Almond Trees
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02268
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发表时间：
2020-07-08
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Carbonell-Barrachina, Angel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lipan, Leontina;Collado-Gonzalez, Jacinta;Carbonell-Barrachina, Angel
杏仁因其对健康的益处(富含生物活性化合物)和感官特性而受到消费者的关注。然而，关于亏缺灌溉下杏仁中的植物前列腺素(Phytoprostanes，PhytoP)和植物呋喃(Phytofuans，PhytoFs)(氧化胁迫的新植物标志物和具有人类健康生物学特性的化合物)的信息很少或根本不存在。这些化合物是由a-亚麻酸(ALA)氧化合成的植物氧脂。此外，它们还是植物氧化降解的生物标志物和参与多种植物防御机制的生物活性分子。可保水的或可保水的是指由水分胁迫受控的植物制成的植物食品。杏仁是多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)的良好来源，包括高含量的丙氨酸。研究了不同灌水处理对‘Vairo’杏仁的体外抗氧化活性(AAC)和总酚含量(TPC)以及丙氨酸(ALA)、植物生长因子(PhytoP)和植物生长因子(PhytoF)水平的影响。AAC和TPC不受灌溉策略的影响，而体内氧化胁迫标志物PhytoPs和PhytoFs在应对缺水方面表现出显著差异。总磷和植F含量分别为4551~8151 ng/100g干重和33~56 ng/100g干重。在杏仁中鉴定出的PhytoP和PhytoF图谱显示，不同处理之间存在显著差异。只有在亏缺灌溉(DI)条件下(调节亏缺灌溉(RDI)和持续亏缺灌溉(SDI))下获得的杏仁中，个别植物蛋白和植物因子的含量高于检测限值，而从充分灌溉的树木中获得的对照杏仁则不存在。因此，这些结果证实了植物蛋白和植物因子是检测以杏仁为基础的产品是否可溶于水的有价值的生物标志物。最后得出的结论是，如果杏园应用受控的直接投资策略，可以改善杏仁的质量和功能，减少灌溉用水量。
Almonds have gained consumers' attention due to their health benefits (they are rich in bioactive compounds) and sensory properties. Nevertheless, information about phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) (new plant markers of oxidative stress and compounds with biological properties for human health) in almonds under deficit irrigation is scarce or does not exist. These compounds are plant oxylipins synthesized by the oxidation of a-linolenic acid (ALA). Besides, they are biomarkers of plant oxidative degradation and biologically active molecules involved in several plant defense mechanisms. hydroSOStainable or hydroSOS mean plant foods made from from plants under controlled water stress. Almonds are a good source of polyunsaturated fatty (PUFAs) acids, including a high content of ALA. This paper aimed to describe the influence of diverse irrigation treatments on in vitro anti-oxidant activity (AAc) and total phenolic content (TPC), as well as on the level of ALA, PhytoP, and PhytoF in "Vairo" almonds. The AAc and TPC were not affected by the irrigation strategy, while the in vivo oxidative stress makers, PhytoPs and PhytoFs, exhibited significant differences in response to water shortage. The total PhytoP and PhytoF contents ranged from 4551 to 8151 ng/100 g dry weight (dw) and from 33 to 56 ng/100 g dw, respectively. The PhytoP and PhytoF profiles identified in almonds showed significant differences among treatments. Individual PhytoPs and PhytoFs were present above the limit of detection only in almonds obtained from trees maintained under deficit irrigation (DI) conditions (regulated deficit irrigation, RDI, and sustained deficit irrigation, SDI) but not in control almonds obtained from fully irrigated trees. Therefore, these results confirm PhytoPs and PhytoFs as valuable biomarkers to detect whether an almond-based product is hydroSOStainable. As a final conclusion, it can be stated that almond quality and functionality can be improved and water irrigation consumption can be reduced if controlled DI strategies are applied in almond orchards.