Oncolytic virotherapy as immunotherapy.

Oncolytic virotherapy as immunotherapy.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.abk3436
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发表时间:
2021-12-10
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Vile R
Vile R
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Melcher A;Harrington K;Vile R

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溶瘤病毒(OV)疗法现在有点用词不当。最初的范例是天然存在的或基因工程改造的病毒相对于正常细胞会优先感染、复制和裂解癌细胞,从而导致选择性的直接细胞毒性。免疫系统过去被认为是有害的,因为它有可能识别和响应病毒,防止其复制,并限制病毒传播和杀死肿瘤细胞。这种观点现在已经在很大程度上被一种模型所取代,在这种模型中,病毒感染肿瘤使其更容易被免疫系统识别和攻击。通过病毒和/或免疫效应细胞的肿瘤细胞杀伤有效地产生原位疫苗,其中肿瘤抗原释放到通过病毒感染修饰的微环境中以逆转肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制。
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is now something of a misnomer. The initial paradigm was that naturally occurring or genetically engineered viruses would preferentially infect, replicate in, and lyse cancer cells relative to normal cells, leading to selective direct cytotoxicity. The immune system used to be considered detrimental, given its potential to recognize and respond to the virus, prevent its replication, and limit viral spread and tumor cell killing . This view has now been largely replaced by a model in which infection of the tumor by the virus makes it more visible to the immune system for recognition and attack. Tumor cell killing by the virus and/or immune effector cells effectively generates an in situ vaccine, with tumor antigens released into a microenvironment modified by viral infection to reverse tumor-induced immune suppression.
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