Formulating Industrial Policy
Formulating Industrial Policy
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DOI：
10.1177/002795011925000117
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
T. Besley;R. Davies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Besley;R. Davies
除了在面临巨大不确定性的情况下保持经济竞争力的挑战外，英国脱欧还为政府制定新的产业战略带来了机会。这样做的理由在于需要解决英国经济中持续存在的结构性弱点，包括生产率低下。但重要的是，任何新的产业战略都必须基于反映英国企业部门真实的结构的适当的细粒度数据：例如，相对于制造业，服务业占据压倒性优势;相对于中小企业，年轻、快速增长的企业的重要性;英国企业相对较高的失败率;以及相对缺乏成功的中型企业。这种数据驱动的方法可能会产生一种与近年来零敲碎打的方案截然不同的工业战略。在国际上，英国在这一领域是一个落后者，最近成立的工业战略理事会看起来不足以改变这一地位。为了取得进展，政府需要将产业战略作为经济政策的核心，以自己的人员和资金作为行政核心，并在全面审查各种企业的经济贡献和潜力的基础上开展业务。不用说，它不能取代对竞争和市场的持续承诺，也不能成为保护主义的绊脚石：干预应该以精心论证的市场失灵为理由，有时间限制，并进行透明的评估。
Executive Summary Alongside the challenge of maintaining economic competitiveness in the face of great uncertainty, Brexit brings an opportunity for the government to set out a new industrial strategy. The case for doing so rests on the need to address areas of persistent structural weakness in the UK economy, including low productivity. But it is important that any new industrial strategy be based on appropriately granular data reflecting the real structure of the UK corporate sector: the overwhelmingly preponderant role of services as opposed to manufacturing, for example; the importance of young, fast-growing firms as opposed to SMEs; the relatively high failure rate of companies in the UK; and the relative lack of successful mid-sized firms. Such a data-driven approach might spawn an industrial strategy quite different from the piecemeal programmes of recent years. Internationally, the UK is a laggard in this area, and the recently-created Industrial Strategy Council does not look strong enough to change that position. To move forward, the government needs to make industrial strategy a central plank of economic policy, embedded at the heart of the administration with its own staff and funding, and operations based on a comprehensive review of the economic contribution and potential of various types of firm. Needless to say, it cannot be a substitute for a continuing commitment to competition and markets, or a stalking horse for protectionism: interventions should be justified by carefully-argued market failure arguments, be time-limited, and transparently evaluated.