The Phosphorescence of Chlorophyll and Some Chlorin Derivatives.
The Phosphorescence of Chlorophyll and Some Chlorin Derivatives.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.105.2730.433-a
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发表时间：
1947-04
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
M. Calvin;G. D. Dorough
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Calvin;G. D. Dorough
最近由LS King和M. SuLLIvAN(1)撰写的一份报告比较了鬼臼碱和秋水仙碱在治疗尖锐湿疣中的相似作用。组织学检查显示核模式和秋水仙碱图改变。因此，我们提出了一项关于足叶素细胞学作用的研究。本文对韭菜根尖的分生组织进行了研究，并报道了初步观察结果。英国药典承认鬼臼碱是一种从两种植物——美洲鬼臼和印度鬼臼中提取的树脂混合物。国家配方树脂仅由前者获得。该植物的根状茎产生3%至10%的树脂，由鬼叶毒素、C22H220s和少量的树脂苷、树脂、淀粉、树胶等组成。树脂是一种无定形粉末，颜色从浅棕色到黄绿色不等，当暴露在超过25℃的温度或光照下时颜色会变深。该树脂微溶于乙醚或氯仿，易溶于醇，仅微乳白色。它微溶于水，使溶液呈浅棕色。这可能只是由于树脂中发现的着色因子槲皮素的溶解。默克公司的报告称，该树脂含有微鬼臼醛、槲皮素、鬼臼醛树脂和鬼臼毒素。认为后一种成分是有效成分。药物的治疗和药物活性是由于这一原理，但其细胞学作用可能是由于一个完全不同的原理。饱和水溶液的初步实验表明，这种细胞学效应是由溶液中的一种物质引起的。然而，不仅使用饱和溶液，而且使用这种溶液的滤液和那些已经去除颜色的滤液，获得了均匀的结果。正在进行进一步的实验，以确定树脂的哪种成分会产生细胞学变化。用饱和足叶碱水溶液浸泡生葱根尖，2小时后得到最大效果。在涂片制备中观察到典型的静息期和前期图像。在前期后期产生了明显的细胞学影响，纺锤体机制明显受损，因为在中期板上没有观察到染色体的取向。染色体分散在细胞中。在这方面，鬼紫素与秋水仙碱相当，秋水仙碱抑制纺锤体形成。
BJ SuLLIvAN and HI WECSLER Biological Laboratory, Fordham University, New York Cily A recent report by LS King and M. Sullivan (1) compared the similarity of the effects of podophyllin and colchicine and their use in the treatment of condylomata acuminata. Histolog-ical examination revealed an alteration of nuclear patterni and" colchicine figures.'A study of the cytological effects of podo-phyllin was thus suggested. This investigation was made on the meristematic tissue of root tips of Allium Cepa, and the preliminary observations are reported here. The British Pharmacopeia recognizes podophyllin as the resin of Podophyllum, a mixture of resins obtained from either of two plants, American Podophyllum or Indian Podophyluwm. The National Formulary resin is obtained onlyfrom the former. The rhizomes of the plant yield from 3 to 10 per cent of resin consisting of podophyllotoxin, C22H220s, and small amounts of resin glycosides, resenes, starch, gum, etc. The resin is an amorphous powder varying in color from light brown to greenish yellow, turning darker when exposed to temperature exceeding 25 C. or to light. The resin of PodophyUum is slightly soluble in ether or chloroform and is soluble in alcohol, with only a slight opalescence. It is slightly soluble in water and gives a light brown color to the solution. This may be due only to the dissolving of the coloring factor, quercitin, found in the resin. Merck's Index reports that the resin contains picropodophyllin, quercitin, podophylloresin, and podophyllotoxin. It is claimed that the latter ingredient is the active principle. The therapeutic and pharmaceutical activity of the drug is due to this principle, but its cytological effects may be due to an entirely different one. Preliminaryexperiments with saturated aqueous solutions indicate that the cytological effects are due to a substance in solution. Uniform results were achieved, however, using not only saturated solutions but also the filtrates of such solutions and those from which the color had been removed. Further experiments are being conducted to determine just which of the constituents of the resin produce the cytological changes. Young growing root tips of Alium Cepa were immersed in a saturated aqueous solution of podophyllin, and maximal results were produced in two hours. Typical resting stage and prophase figures were observed in smear preparations. Pronounced cytological effects were produced in late prophase, and the spindle mechanism was evidently impaired, since no orientation of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate was observed. The chromosomes were dispersed in the cell. In this respect podophyllin is comparable to colchicine, to which the inhibition of spindle formation is attributed.